Hor\u00admat\u00adly Pre\u00adzi\u00adden\u00adti\u00admi\u00adzi\u0148 ta\u00fd\u00adsyz ta\u00adgal\u00adla\u00adsy bi\u00adlen h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adde \u00fdur\u00addu\u00admy\u00adzy\u0148 \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 we oba\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 ta\u00adry\u00adhy ge\u00e7\u00admi\u00ad\u015fi gi\u0148\u00adden \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adnil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7, Merw \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adle\u00adri, Nu\u00adsa\u00fd ga\u00adla\u00adsy \u00f6z d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcn\u00adde d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adni\u0148 we yl\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6s\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adne uly go\u00ad\u015fant go\u015fupdyrlar. K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00adji\u0148 ba\u00fd ta\u00adry\u00adhy ga\u00addy\u00admy \u00fda\u00addy\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adlik\u00adle\u00adri, d\u00fcr\u00adli d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 eks\u00adpo\u00adnat\u00adla\u00adry, \u00f6z\u00adbo\u00adlu\u015f\u00adly mil\u00adli mi\u00adra\u00adsy uzak \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00addan b\u00e4\u00adri d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 \u00f6\u0148\u00adde\u00adba\u00adry\u00adjy d\u00f6w\u00adlet\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 alym\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny, ta\u00adryh\u00ad\u015fy\u00adnas\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny hem-de d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 ar\u00adheo\u00adlog\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny gy\u00adzyk\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adryp gel\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015e\u00e4herde bel\u00adli alym\u00adlar, sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlar, ser\u00adker\u00adde\u00adler, zer\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adler hem-de \u00f6k\u00adde us\u00adsa\u00adlar \u00fda\u00ad\u015fap\u00addyr\u00ad. \u015e\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adre \u00e7ar k\u00fcn\u00adjek\u00adden myh\u00adman\u00adlar ge\u00adlip\u00addir\u00adler, t\u00e4\u00adjir\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 we s\u00f6w\u00adda\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adle\u00adri\u0148, sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ge\u00adlim-gi\u00addi\u00admi\u00adni\u0148 yzy \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00adm\u00e4n\u00addir. Hy\u00adta\u00fd im\u00adpe\u00adra\u00adtor\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adri \u00f6z il\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adsi \u00c7\u017ean Sz\u00fda\u00adny Merkezi Azi\u00ad\u00fda \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adly\u00adga ug\u00adrad\u00ad\u00fdar. Il\u00ad\u00e7i il ara\u00adsyn\u00adda \u00abHy\u00adta\u00fd Ge\u00adre\u00addo\u00adty\u00bb ady bi\u00adlen ta\u00adna\u00adlyp\u00addyr. Bu hy\u00adta\u00fd aly\u00admy \u00abta\u00adry\u00adhy\u0148 ata\u00adsy\u00bb ha\u00adsap\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Hy\u00adta\u00fd il\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adsi Merkezi Azi\u00ad\u00fda \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda ge\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adren eks\u00adpe\u00addi\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsy\u00adny\u0148 ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adsin\u00adde \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ge\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfi\u00adki \u00fder\u00adle\u00ad\u015fi\u00ad\u015fi\u00adni, i\u00e7er\u00adki re\u00adsurs\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny, dag\u00adla\u00adry we der\u00ad\u00fda\u00adla\u00adry \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adnip\u00addir. Ba\u00adzar\u00adla\u00adra ba\u00adryp g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fcp\u00addir, ha\u00adryt\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ba\u00adha\u00adla\u00adry bi\u00adlen gy\u00adzyk\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr hem-de k\u00f6p zat\u00adlar bi\u00adlen tan\u00ad\u015fyp\u00addyr. Il\u00ad\u00e7i sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad ed\u00fd\u00e4n wag\u00adty halk\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti, d\u00e4p-des\u00adsur\u00adla\u00adry, \u00f6sen mal\u00addar\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk pu\u00adda\u00adgy we se\u00adnet\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik h\u00fc\u00adn\u00e4r\u00adment\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adli\u00adgi bi\u00adlen i\u00e7\u00adgin tan\u00ad\u015fyp\u00addyr. Il\u00ad\u00e7i Wa\u00adta\u00adny\u00adna do\u00adla\u00adnan\u00adda gy\u00adzyk\u00adly mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adry ta\u00fd\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adlap\u00addyr. \u015eo\u00adnu\u0148 \u00fda\u00adly-da, il\u00ad\u00e7i owa\u00addan be\u00adhi\u015f\u00addi t\u00fcrk\u00admen at\u00adla\u00adry ba\u00adra\u00adda \u00fdan dep\u00adde\u00adrin\u00adde a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn bel\u00adl\u00e4p\u00addir. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde, \u00c7\u017ean Sz\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 eks\u00adpe\u00addi\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsy ar\u00adka\u00adly G\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7 \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adri\u00adne \u00fdol a\u00e7y\u00adlyp\u00addyr.
\nEks\u00adpe\u00addi\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adsin\u00adde hy\u00adta\u00fd\u00adly s\u00f6w\u00adda\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adle\u00adre Merkezi Azi\u00ad\u00fda \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 ba\u00adzar\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna, Or\u00adta\u00ad\u00fder de\u0148\u00adzi\u00adni\u0148 g\u00fcn\u00addo\u00adgar ke\u00adnar\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna \u00e7en\u00adli ara\u00adla\u015f\u00adma\u00adga m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik d\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4p\u00addir. Bu ker\u00adwen \u00fdo\u00adly h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki T\u00fcrk\u00adme\u00adnis\u00adta\u00adny\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4\u00adgin\u00adden ge\u00ad\u00e7ip\u00addir. T\u00fcrk\u00admen top\u00adra\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4\u00adgin\u00adden ge\u00ad\u00e7en Be\u00ad\u00fdik \u00dd\u00fc\u00adpek \u00fdo\u00adly halk\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda dost\u00adluk\u00adly gat\u00adna\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adla\u00adry ber\u00adkit\u00admek\u00adde, i\u015f\u00adje\u0148 du\u00ad\u015fu\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adlar we gep\u00adle\u00ad\u015fik\u00adler \u00fc\u00e7in uly \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adte e\u00fde bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle hem Hy\u00adta\u00fd bi\u00adlen s\u00f6w\u00adda gat\u00adna\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny ymyk\u00adly \u00fdo\u00adla go\u00fd\u00adma\u00adga m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik d\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4p\u00addir. S\u00f6w\u00adda ker\u00adwen\u00adle\u00adri kyn\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk\u00adla\u00adra ga\u00adra\u00admaz\u00addan Be\u00ad\u00fdik \u00dd\u00fc\u00adpek \u00fdo\u00adlyny\u0148 ugry bilen \u00fd\u00fc\u00adpek we ha\u00adly\u00adlar, al\u00adtyn we gym\u00admat ba\u00adha\u00adly da\u015f\u00adlar, zer\u00adg\u00e4r\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00adle\u00adri we mi\u00adwe\u00adler, ka\u00adgyz we ma\u00adta\u00adlar, ho\u015f\u00adbo\u00fd ys\u00adly zat\u00adlar we der\u00adman\u00adlar, \u00e7a\u00fd, t\u00fc\u00adwi we be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki k\u00f6p zat\u00adlar da\u00ad\u015fa\u00adlyp\u00addyr. Sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlar, alym\u00adlar \u00f6z\u00adle\u00adri \u00fc\u00e7in t\u00e4\u00adze \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adle\u00adri a\u00e7yp\u00addyr\u00adlar. Olar halk\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 g\u00fcn\u00adde\u00adlik dur\u00admu\u00ad\u015fy bi\u00adlen gy\u00adzyk\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr\u00adlar. \u00dder\u00adli \u00fda\u00ad\u015fa\u00fd\u00adjy\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 d\u00e4p-des\u00adsur\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny we me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adni \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adnip\u00addir\u00adler, ylym-bi\u00adlim\u00adle\u00adri bi\u00adlen gi\u00ad\u0148i\u015f\u00adle\u00ad\u00fdin tan\u00ad\u015fyp\u00addyr\u00adlar. Hy\u00adta\u00ad\u00fda aja\u00ad\u00fdyp t\u00fcrk\u00admen at\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny, ne\u00adpis\u00adli\u00adgi we ga\u00ad\u00fdym\u00adly\u00adgy bo\u00ad\u00fdun\u00ad\u00e7a ga\u00fd\u00adta\u00adlan\u00adma\u00adjak ha\u00adly\u00adla\u00adry, \u00fdum\u00ad\u015fak nah ma\u00adta\u00adla\u00adry, \u00fdor\u00adgan-d\u00fc\u00ad\u015fek\u00adler, \u015fi\u00adrin \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00adler, k\u00fcn\u00adji, dat\u00adly ga\u00adwun-gar\u00adpyz\u00adlar, gu\u00adra\u00addy\u00adlan mi\u00adwe\u00adler, re\u0148k\u00adli a\u00fd\u00adna\u00adlar we \u015fu\u00ad\u0148a me\u0148\u00adze\u015f\u00adler \u00e4ki\u00addi\u00adlip\u00addir. Hy\u00adta\u00fd\u00addan h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki T\u00fcrk\u00adme\u00adnis\u00adta\u00adna \u00fd\u00fc\u00adpek, \u00e7a\u00fd, ka\u00adgyz, far\u00adfor \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00adle\u00adri ge\u00adti\u00adri\u00adlip\u00addir. Bu ha\u00adryt\u00adlar ju\u00adda ge\u00e7\u00adgin\u00adli \u00adbo\u00adlup\u00addyr. Be\u00ad\u00fdik \u00dd\u00fc\u00adpek \u00fdo\u00adlu\u00adny\u0148 bir \u015fa\u00adha\u00adsy ga\u00addy\u00admy K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00adji\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fcn\u00adden ge\u00ad\u00e7ip\u00addir. X asy\u00adry\u0148 ahy\u00adryn\u00adda G\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7 Ho\u00adrezm d\u00f6w\u00adle\u00adti\u00adni\u0148 mer\u00adke\u00adzi ha\u00adsap\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlar K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7 ba\u00adra\u00adda t\u00e4\u00adsin gal\u00admak du\u00fd\u00adgu\u00adsy bi\u00adlen \u00fdaz\u00adgy\u00adlar gal\u00addy\u00adryp\u00addyr\u00adlar. Arap ge\u00adog\u00adrafy Al-Is\u00adtah\u00adri (850-934), \u00ab\u00dcr\u00adgen\u00e7 Ho\u00adrez\u00admi\u0148 i\u0148 uly \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 bi\u00adri\u00addir\u00bb di\u00ad\u00fdip bel\u00adl\u00e4p ge\u00ad\u00e7ip\u00addir. \u015eol \u00fder\u00adden \u00fd\u00fck\u00adli ker\u00adwen\u00adler Jur\u00adjan \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adri\u00adne, Ha\u00adza\u00adra we Ho\u00adra\u00adsa\u00adna gi\u00addip\u00addir\u00adler. Ola\u00adry\u0148 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00adle\u00adri di\u00ad\u0148e \u00fder\u00adli ba\u00adzar\u00adla\u00adra d\u00e4l-de, e\u00fd\u00adsem, d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 ba\u00adzar\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna hem \u00e7y\u00adka\u00adry\u00adlyp\u00addyr. Be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki arap sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adsy, ge\u00adog\u00adraf\u00ad we ta\u00adryh\u00ad\u00e7y \u00dda\u00adkut al-Ha\u00adma\u00adwi (1178-1229) ha\u00fd\u00adran gal\u00admak bi\u00adlen K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7 ba\u00adra\u00adda \u015fe\u00fd\u00adle \u00fda\u00adzyp\u00addyr. \u00abD\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adde \u015fu\u00adnu\u0148 \u00fda\u00adly \u015f\u00e4\u00adher bar\u00addyr di\u00ad\u00fdip pi\u00adkir hem et\u00adm\u00e4n\u00addim, \u015f\u00e4\u00adher ba\u00adzar\u00adla\u00adry d\u00fcr\u00adli ha\u00adryt\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 bol\u00ad\u00e7u\u00adly\u00adgy bi\u00adlen me\u015f\u00adhur\u00addy\u00bb. Ta\u00adny\u00admal arap sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adsy we t\u00e4\u00adjir Ibn-Bat\u00adtu\u00adta (1304-1377) \u00dcr\u00adgen\u00e7 ba\u00adra\u00adda \u00fdaz\u00adgy\u00adsyn\u00adda \u00abBu uly owa\u00addan \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adri\u0148 aja\u00ad\u00fdyp ba\u00adzar\u00adla\u00adry, gi\u0148 k\u00f6\u00ad\u00e7e\u00adle\u00adri k\u00f6p\u00adsan\u00adly gur\u00adlu\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adla\u00adry \u00fdat\u00addan \u00e7yk\u00adma\u00adjak pur\u00adsat\u00adla\u00adry d\u00f6\u00adred\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r, \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adde jo\u015f\u00adgun\u00adly dur\u00admu\u015f h\u00f6\u00adk\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r we \u00fda\u00ad\u015fa\u00fd\u00adjy\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u015fe\u00fd\u00adle bir k\u00f6p\u00adl\u00fc\u00adgi se\u00adb\u00e4p\u00adli de\u00ad\u0148iz \u00fda\u00adly tol\u00adkun at\u00ad\u00fdar\u00addy. Bir ge\u00adzek \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adri\u0148 i\u00e7i bi\u00adlen bar\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adkam men ba\u00adza\u00adra gir\u00addim, ba\u00adza\u00adry\u0148 or\u00adta\u00adra\u00adsy\u00adna \u00fde\u00adten wag\u00adtym \u00f6\u0148e-yza he\u00adre\u00adket edip bil\u00adme\u00addim\u00bb.
\nMon\u00adgol\u00adlar \u00dcr\u00adgen\u00adji ba\u00adsyp al\u00adma\u00adzy\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6\u0148\u00fc\u00adsy\u00adra\u00adsy \u015f\u00e4\u00adher g\u00fcn\u00addo\u00adga\u00adry\u0148 i\u0148 uly we ha\u00ad\u015fam\u00adly \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 bi\u00adri bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. XI-XIII asyr\u00adlar\u00adda \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adri\u0148 jem\u00adgy\u00ad\u00fdet\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik gat\u00adla\u00adgyn\u00adda bel\u00adli bir de\u00adre\u00adje\u00adde so\u00adwat\u00adly adam\u00adlar \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7y\u00adka\u00adry\u00adlyp\u00addyr. Olar bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e dil bil\u00adme\u00adgi ba\u00ad\u015fa\u00adryp\u00addyr\u00adlar. Bu \u00fder\u00adde \u00fdo\u00adka\u00adry h\u00fc\u00adn\u00e4r\u00adli adam\u00adlar z\u00e4h\u00admet \u00e7e\u00adkip\u00addir\u00adler. \u015eun\u00adluk\u00adda, adam\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 bi\u00adli\u00adme bo\u00adlan te\u015f\u00adne\u00adli\u00adgi ola\u00adry\u0148 \u00e7u\u0148 bi\u00adlim al\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adna hem-de yl\u00admy i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri bi\u00adlen me\u015f\u00adgul bol\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adna ge\u00adti\u00adrip\u00addir. Bu\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u00e4h\u00adli\u00adsi ze\u00adhin\u00adli alym\u00adla\u00adry, te\u00adbi\u00adgat ha\u00addy\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adni\u00adji\u00adle\u00adri \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7y\u00adkar\u00adma\u00adga we yl\u00admy\u0148 \u00e4h\u00adli ugur\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6s\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adne g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7\u00adli iter\u00adgi be\u00adrip\u00addir. G\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7 d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adde be\u00ad\u00fdik alym\u00adla\u00adry, aja\u00ad\u00fdyp luk\u00adman\u00adla\u00adry, par\u00adlak \u015fa\u00adhyr\u00adla\u00adry we ja\u00fd gu\u00adru\u00adjy us\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adry ke\u00adma\u00adla ge\u00adti\u00adrip\u00addir. K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7\u00adde d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 \u00fda\u0148 sa\u00adlan ze\u00adhin\u00adli alym\u00adlar we d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adji\u00adler \u00fda\u00ad\u015fap\u00addyr. Olar\u00addan me\u015f\u00adhur ma\u00adte\u00adma\u00adtik we ast\u00adro\u00adnom Mu\u00adham\u00admed Ibn Mu\u00adsa\u00adal-Ho\u00adrez\u00admi (783-850), ze\u00adhin\u00adli luk\u00adman Abu Ali Ibn Si\u00adna (980-1037), bel\u00adli alym, en\u00adsik\u00adlo\u00adpe\u00addist Abu Re\u00fd\u00adhan Al-Bi\u00adru\u00adny (973-1048), g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fck\u00adli alym Abul-Ka\u00adsym Ja\u00adral\u00adlah Mah\u00admud ibn Omar al-Za\u00admah\u00ad\u015fa\u00adri (1075-1144) da\u00adgy\u00adlar Ho\u00adrez\u00admi\u0148 gen\u00adji-ha\u00adzy\u00adna\u00adsy ha\u00adsap\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Mun\u00addan ba\u015f\u00adga-da, be\u00ad\u00fdik ta\u00adryh\u00ad\u00e7y alym Abu Sa\u00adid as-Sa\u00adma\u00adni (1113-1167), XII asyr\u00adda Ho\u00adrez\u00admi\u0148 pa\u00fd\u00adtag\u00adtyn\u00adda i\u015f\u00adl\u00e4n g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fck\u00adli luk\u00adman Ze\u00fd\u00adned\u00addin Abu-Ib\u00adra\u00adhim al G\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00adli \u00fda\u00adly ta\u00adny\u00admal alym\u00adlar \u00f6z d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 bi\u00adlim\u00addar adam\u00adla\u00adry bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. XIII asyr\u00adda as\u00adman ji\u00adsim\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adnen bel\u00adli alym, ast\u00adro\u00adnom Ali\u00ad\u015fah ibn Mu\u00adham\u00admed ibn Ka\u00adsym al Ho\u00adrez\u00admi (1226-1300), \u015fe\u00fd\u00adle hem bel\u00adli ge\u00adog\u00adraf Mu\u00adham\u00admed ibn Nad\u00adjib Bek\u00adra\u00adna K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7\u00adde i\u015f\u00adl\u00e4p\u00addir\u00adler. K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7 d\u00f6w\u00adlet ta\u00adry\u00adhy-me\u00adde\u00adni go\u00adrag\u00adha\u00adna\u00adsy\u00adna de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli XII-XV asyr\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ar\u00adhi\u00adtek\u00adtu\u00adra \u00fda\u00addy\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adlik\u00adle\u00adri B\u00fc\u00adtin\u00add\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 me\u00adde\u00adni \u00fda\u00addy\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adlik\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 sa\u00adna\u00adwyn\u00adda g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fck\u00adli orun e\u00fde\u00adle\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Olar\u00addan T\u00f6\u00adre\u00adbeg ha\u00adnymy\u0148 aramg\u00e4hi, Gut\u00adlug Ti\u00admu\u00adry\u0148 (1321-1335) ady\u00adny g\u00f6\u00adter\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n mi\u00adna\u00adra\u00ad (be\u00ad\u00fdik\u00adli\u00adgi 64 met\u00adre de\u0148) bar. Onu\u0148 g\u00fcm\u00adme\u00adzi\u00adni\u0148 bi\u00adna\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adlik-gur\u00adlu\u00ad\u015fyk i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn\u00adly\u00adgy \u00fd\u00fcz\u00adler\u00ad\u00e7e \u00fdyl \u00f6\u0148\u00adde bo\u00adlup, d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adde g\u00fcm\u00adme\u00adzi\u0148 de\u00ad\u0148i-ta\u00ad\u00fdy bol\u00adman\u00addyr. H\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki wagt\u00adda Nej\u00admed\u00addin Kub\u00adrany\u0148 aramg\u00e4hi we onu\u0148 t\u00f6\u00adwe\u00adre\u00adgin\u00add\u00e4\u00adki be\u00fdleki \u00fdadyg\u00e4rlikler k\u00f6p d\u00f6w\u00adlet\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 su\u00fdahat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny \u00f6z\u00fc\u00adne \u00e7ek\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n
Gur\u00adban\u00adne\u00adpes T\u00e4\u00e7\u00adme\u00addow,<\/strong> Hor\u00admat\u00adly Pre\u00adzi\u00adden\u00adti\u00admi\u00adzi\u0148 ta\u00fd\u00adsyz ta\u00adgal\u00adla\u00adsy bi\u00adlen h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adde \u00fdur\u00addu\u00admy\u00adzy\u0148 \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 we oba\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 ta\u00adry\u00adhy ge\u00e7\u00admi\u00ad\u015fi gi\u0148\u00adden \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adnil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00e7, Merw \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adle\u00adri, Nu\u00adsa\u00fd ga\u00adla\u00adsy \u00f6z d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcn\u00adde d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adni\u0148 we yl\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6s\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adne uly go\u00ad\u015fant go\u015fupdyrlar. K\u00f6\u00adne\u00ad\u00fcr\u00adgen\u00adji\u0148 ba\u00fd ta\u00adry\u00adhy ga\u00addy\u00admy \u00fda\u00addy\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adlik\u00adle\u00adri, d\u00fcr\u00adli d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 eks\u00adpo\u00adnat\u00adla\u00adry, \u00f6z\u00adbo\u00adlu\u015f\u00adly mil\u00adli mi\u00adra\u00adsy uzak \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00addan b\u00e4\u00adri d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 \u00f6\u0148\u00adde\u00adba\u00adry\u00adjy d\u00f6w\u00adlet\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 alym\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny, ta\u00adryh\u00ad\u015fy\u00adnas\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny hem-de d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 ar\u00adheo\u00adlog\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny gy\u00adzyk\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adryp gel\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015e\u00e4herde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":113412,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113411"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113411"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113411\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113413,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113411\/revisions\/113413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/113412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nTDP-ni\u0148 K\u00f6ne\u00fcrgen\u00e7 etrap komitetini\u0148 b\u00f6l\u00fcm m\u00fcdiri.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"