D\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 kar\u00adta\u00adsy\u00adna se\u00adre\u00adde\u00adni\u00admiz\u00adde \u00dder \u015fa\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 6 b\u00f6\u00adlek\u00adden yba\u00adrat\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adny g\u00f6r\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adris. D\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 n\u00e4\u00addip ma\u00adte\u00adrik\u00adle\u00adre b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fc\u00adnen\u00addi\u00adgi we bu yk\u00adlym\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki at\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 n\u00e4\u00addip \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7y\u00adkan\u00addy\u00adgy hem\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri gy\u00adzyk\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00ad\u00fdan so\u00adwal\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 bi\u00adri bol\u00adsa ge\u00adrek. Bu so\u00adwal ge\u00adog\u00adraf\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 we sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 hem \u00fcn\u00ads\u00fc\u00adni \u00f6z\u00fc\u00adne \u00e7ek\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ma\u00adte\u00adrik\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 at\u00adla\u00adry k\u00f6p asyr\u00adlyk ta\u00adry\u00adhy, me\u00adde\u00adni we sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsy \u00f6s\u00fc\u00ad\u015fi\u0148 ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adsin\u00adde eme\u00adle ge\u00adlip\u00addir. Ga\u00addy\u00admy Wa\u00adwi\u00adlon\u00adda \u00e7y\u00adzy\u00adlan il\u00adkin\u00adji kar\u00adta\u00adla\u00adra esas\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdan \u00dder \u015fa\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki za\u00adman kar\u00adta\u00adsyn\u00adda 4 um\u00adman, 195 \u00fdurt, 3 mil\u00adli\u00adon\u00addan gow\u00adrak der\u00ad\u00fda, 50-den gow\u00adrak de\u00ad\u0148iz we 1 mil\u00adli\u00adon 2 m\u00fc\u0148 t\u00f6\u00adwe\u00adre\u00adgi dag bar. \u00ddew\u00adrazi\u00ad\u00fda, Af\u00adri\u00adka, G\u00fc\u00adnor\u00adta Ame\u00adri\u00adka, De\u00admir\u00adga\u00adzyk Ame\u00adri\u00adka, Awst\u00adra\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda we An\u00adtark\u00adti\u00adka yk\u00adlym\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 at\u00adla\u00adry di\u00ad\u0148e bir ge\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfik a\u00e7y\u015f\u00adla\u00adry bi\u00adlen bag\u00adla\u00adny\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adly bol\u00adman, halklar, dil we di\u00adni ynan\u00e7\u00adlar bi\u00adlen hem bag\u00adla\u00adny\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adly\u00addyr. E\u00fd\u00adsem, ma\u00adte\u00adrik\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 ady n\u00e4\u00addip \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7yk\u00addy?<\/p>\n
\u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa.<\/strong> \u00ddew\u00adra\u00adzi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 bir b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi bo\u00adlan \u00abEu\u00adro\u00adpe\u00bb i\u0148 ga\u00addy\u00admy s\u00f6z\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 bi\u00adri bo\u00adlup, il\u00adkin\u00adji ula\u00adny\u00adly\u00ad\u015fy\u00adna bi\u00adzi\u0148 e\u00fd\u00ad\u00fda\u00admy\u00admyz\u00addan \u00f6\u0148\u00adki VI asyr\u00adda grek akyl\u00adda\u00adry we \u015fa\u00adhy\u00adry Go\u00adme\u00adri\u0148 a\u00fd\u00addym\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda du\u015f gel\u00admek bol\u00ad\u00fdar. \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa s\u00f6\u00adzi grekleri\u0148 Apol\u00adlon hu\u00adda\u00ad\u00fdy\u00adna ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adla\u00adnan se\u00adna\u00adsynda hem ag\u00adzal\u00ad\u00fdar. S\u00f6\u00adz\u00fc\u0148 ge\u00adlip \u00e7y\u00adky\u00ad\u015fy ta\u00adkyk bol\u00adma\u00adsa-da, \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa ba\u00adra\u00adda bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e \u00e7ak\u00adla\u00adma\u00adlar bar. \u00c7ak\u00adla\u00adma\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 bi\u00adrin\u00adde ak\u00adkad di\u00adlin\u00add\u00e4\u00adki \u00abere\u00adbu\u00bb (\u00e7\u00fcm\u00admek, g\u00fcn\u00adba\u00adta\u00adra d\u00fc\u015f\u00admek) s\u00f6\u00adz\u00fcn\u00adden ge\u00adlip \u00e7y\u00adkan\u00addy\u00adgy \u00f6\u0148e s\u00fc\u00adr\u00fcl\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adny\u0148 Azi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 g\u00fcn\u00adba\u00adta\u00adryn\u00adda \u00fder\u00adle\u015f\u00adme\u00adgi bu \u00e7ak\u00adla\u00adma\u00adny gol\u00adda\u00ad\u00fdar. Be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki bir \u00e7ak\u00adla\u00adma g\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4, \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adny\u0148 ady\u00adny\u0148 \u00abeu\u00adrys\u00bb (gi\u0148), \u00abops\u00bb (\u00fd\u00fcz) di\u00ad\u00fden grek s\u00f6z\u00adle\u00adrin\u00adden eme\u00adle ge\u00adlen\u00addi\u00adgi bel\u00adle\u00adnil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. D\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 kar\u00adta\u00adsy\u00adna se\u00adre\u00adde\u00adni\u00admiz\u00adde \u00dder \u015fa\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 6 b\u00f6\u00adlek\u00adden yba\u00adrat\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adny g\u00f6r\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adris. D\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 n\u00e4\u00addip ma\u00adte\u00adrik\u00adle\u00adre b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fc\u00adnen\u00addi\u00adgi we bu yk\u00adlym\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki at\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 n\u00e4\u00addip \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7y\u00adkan\u00addy\u00adgy hem\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri gy\u00adzyk\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00ad\u00fdan so\u00adwal\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 bi\u00adri bol\u00adsa ge\u00adrek. Bu so\u00adwal ge\u00adog\u00adraf\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 we sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 hem \u00fcn\u00ads\u00fc\u00adni \u00f6z\u00fc\u00adne \u00e7ek\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ma\u00adte\u00adrik\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 at\u00adla\u00adry k\u00f6p asyr\u00adlyk ta\u00adry\u00adhy, me\u00adde\u00adni we sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsy \u00f6s\u00fc\u00ad\u015fi\u0148 ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adsin\u00adde eme\u00adle ge\u00adlip\u00addir. Ga\u00addy\u00admy Wa\u00adwi\u00adlon\u00adda \u00e7y\u00adzy\u00adlan il\u00adkin\u00adji kar\u00adta\u00adla\u00adra esas\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdan \u00dder […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":133333,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133332"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=133332"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":133334,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133332\/revisions\/133334"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/133333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=133332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=133332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=133332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nAzi\u00ad\u00fda.<\/strong> \u00ddew\u00adra\u00adzi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 ikinji b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi bo\u00adlan Azi\u00ad\u00fda yk\u00adly\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 ady\u00adny\u0148 ak\u00adkad di\u00adlin\u00add\u00e4\u00adki \u00abasu\u00bb (do\u00adgul\u00admak, di\u00adrel\u00admek) s\u00f6\u00adz\u00fcn\u00adden ge\u00adlip \u00e7y\u00adkan\u00addy\u00adgy \u00e7ak\u00adla\u00adnyl\u00ad\u00fdar. Bu \u00e7ak\u00adla\u00adma Azi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 g\u00fcn\u00addo\u00adgar\u00adda \u00fder\u00adle\u015f\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n\u00addi\u00adgi, G\u00fc\u00adn\u00fc\u0148 il\u00adkin\u00adji dog\u00ad\u00fdan \u00fde\u00adri\u00addi\u00adgi bi\u00adlen bag\u00adla\u00adny\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adly\u00addyr. Ir\u00adki d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adler\u00adde grek\u00adler \u00dde\u00adri \u00fc\u00e7 esa\u00adsy se\u00adbi\u00adte: \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa, Azi\u00ad\u00fda we Li\u00adwi\u00ad\u00fda (Af\u00adri\u00adka\u00adny\u0148 de\u00admir\u00adga\u00adzyk b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi) b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fcp\u00addir\u00adler. Bu ga\u00adra\u00ad\u00fdy\u015f yl\u00admy ta\u00fd\u00addan dog\u00adry bol\u00adma\u00adsa hem, grek\u00adler \u00dder \u015fa\u00adry\u00adny \u015fe\u00fd\u00adle g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fc\u00adne ge\u00adti\u00adrip\u00addir\u00adler.
\nAf\u00adri\u00adka.<\/strong> D\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 i\u0148 ys\u00adsy ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148 ady\u00adny\u0148 ge\u00adlip \u00e7y\u00adky\u00ad\u015fy ta\u00adkyk bel\u00adli d\u00e4l. Ga\u00addy\u00admy grek\u00adler de\u00admir\u00adga\u00adzyk Af\u00adri\u00adka\u00adny \u00abLi\u00adwi\u00ad\u00fda\u00bb di\u00ad\u00fdip at\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adryp\u00addyr\u00adlar. Rim\u00adli\u00adler bol\u00adsa Tu\u00adni\u00adsi\u0148 t\u00f6\u00adwe\u00adre\u00adgin\u00add\u00e4\u00adki \u00fder\u00adle\u00adre Af\u00adri\u00adka di\u00ad\u00fdip at be\u00adrip\u00addir\u00adler. \u00abAf\u00adrika\u00bb s\u00f6\u00adz\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 arap di\u00adlin\u00add\u00e4\u00adki \u00abuzak \u00fder\u00bb di\u00ad\u00fden s\u00f6z\u00adden ge\u00adlip \u00e7y\u00adkan\u00addy\u00adgy bel\u00adle\u00adnil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. XVII asyr\u00adda \u00fdew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adly\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 bu ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00adgi \u00f6w\u00adren\u00adme\u00adgi bi\u00adlen kar\u00adta\u00adlar\u00adda Af\u00adri\u00adka yk\u00adly\u00admy pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nAme\u00adri\u00adka.<\/strong> \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adly\u00adlar il\u00adkin\u00adji ge\u00adzek Ame\u00adri\u00adka a\u00fdak ba\u00adsan\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda ol \u00fder\u00adde m\u00fc\u0148\u00adler\u00ad\u00e7e \u00fdyl b\u00e4\u00adri \u00fda\u00ad\u015fap gel\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fder\u00adli ila\u00adty\u0148 bar\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adny g\u00f6r\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. Bu materik d\u00fcr\u00adli halk\u00adlar ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00addan d\u00fcr\u00adl\u00fc\u00ad\u00e7e at\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adryl\u00ad\u00fdar. Kris\u00adto\u00adfer Ko\u00adlum\u00adby\u0148 a\u00e7y\u015f\u00adla\u00adryn\u00addan so\u0148, ital\u00ad\u00fdan s\u00f6w\u00adda\u00adg\u00e4\u00adri Ame\u00adri\u00adgo Wes\u00adpu\u00ad\u00e7\u00e7i 1501-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda bu yk\u00adly\u00adma bar\u00ad\u00fdar. Ne\u00admes kar\u00adtog\u00adra\u00adfy Mar\u00adtin Wald\u00adze\u00adm\u00fdul\u00adler kar\u00adta \u00e7y\u00adza\u00adnyn\u00adda bu ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00adgi Ame\u00adri\u00adgo\u00adny\u0148 hor\u00adma\u00adty\u00adna \u00abAme\u00adri\u00adka\u00bb di\u00ad\u00fdip at\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nAwst\u00adra\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda. Rim\u00adli\u00adler bu ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00adgi \u00abter\u00adra aust\u00adra\u00adlis incog\u00adni\u00adta\u00bb (n\u00e4\u00adbel\u00adli g\u00fc\u00adnor\u00adta top\u00adrak\u00adlar) di\u00ad\u00fdip at\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adlar. 1644-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda bu yk\u00adly\u00adma \u00abT\u00e4\u00adze Gol\u00adlan\u00addi\u00ad\u00fda\u00bb di\u00ad\u00fdip at ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. XIX asy\u00adry\u0148 ba\u00ad\u015fyn\u00adda ka\u00adpi\u00adtan Met\u00fdu Flin\u00adders bu ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00adgi\u0148 \u00abAwst\u00adra\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda\u00bb di\u00fd\u00adlip at\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adryl\u00adma\u00adgy ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky pi\u00adki\u00adri \u00f6\u0148e s\u00fcr\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nAn\u00adtark\u00adti\u00adda.<\/strong> 1820-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda so\u00adwuk yk\u00adly\u00admy il\u00adkin\u00adji bo\u00adlup rus bar\u00adlag\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry \u00f6w\u00adren\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. XIX asyr\u00adda bu ma\u00adte\u00adrik \u00abUl\u00adti\u00adma\u00bb, \u00abAn\u00adti\u00adpo\u00addea\u00bb \u00fda\u00adly s\u00f6z\u00adler bi\u00adlen at\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adryl\u00ad\u00fdar. 1880-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda \u015fot\u00adlan\u00addi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adly kar\u00adtog\u00adraf Jon Jorj Bar\u00adto\u00adlo\u00adm\u00fdu bu ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00adgi kar\u00adta\u00adda \u00fder\u00adle\u015f\u00addi\u00adrip, Ark\u00adti\u00adka di\u00ad\u00fdip at\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00ad\u00fdar. \u00abArk\u00adti\u00adka\u00bb grek\u00ad\u00e7e \u00abark\u00adtos\u00bb s\u00f6\u00adz\u00fcn\u00adden ge\u00adlip \u00e7y\u00adkyp, \u00aba\u00fdy\u00bb di\u00ad\u00fden ma\u00adny\u00adny ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik bi\u00adlen, An\u00adtark\u00adti\u00adda de\u00admir\u00adga\u00adzy\u00adgy\u0148 ter\u00adsi bo\u00adlan g\u00fc\u00adnor\u00adta pol\u00ad\u00fdu\u00adsy\u0148 ady\u00adna \u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcl\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"