{"id":146650,"date":"2025-09-22T15:25:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T10:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/?p=146650"},"modified":"2025-09-22T15:25:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T10:25:00","slug":"butindunya-elektron-kitaplar-guni-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/butindunya-elektron-kitaplar-guni-2\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fc\u00adtin\u00add\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar g\u00fc\u00adni"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Her \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 18-nji sent\u00ad\u00fdab\u00adryn\u00adda B\u00fc\u00adtin\u00add\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar g\u00fc\u00adni bel\u00adle\u00adnil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu se\u00adn\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 bel\u00adle\u00adnip ge\u00ad\u00e7il\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148 esa\u00adsy mak\u00adsa\u00addy oka\u00adma\u00adgy\u0148 el\u00ad\u00fde\u00adter\u00adli\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni we elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar\u00adda h\u00f6\u00add\u00fcr\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fde\u00ad\u0148il\u00adli\u00adgi a\u00e7yp g\u00f6r\u00adkez\u00admek\u00adden yba\u00adrat\u00addyr. Elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky pi\u00adki\u00adri\u0148 1930-njy \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda or\u00adta aty\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adna ga\u00adra\u00admaz\u00addan, 41 \u00fdyl\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra il\u00adkin\u00adji elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00ad\u00fdar. E\u00fd\u00adsem, elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap n\u00e4\u00adme?!<br \/>\nElekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap san\u00adly for\u00admat\u00adda h\u00f6\u00add\u00fcr\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n, oky\u00adjy\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 elekt\u00adron en\u00adjam\u00adlar\u00adda \u2013 komp\u00ad\u00fdu\u00adter\u00adde, no\u00adut\u00adbuk\u00adda, \u00f6\u00fd\u00adj\u00fck\u00adli te\u00adle\u00adfon\u00adlar\u00adda, plan\u00ad\u015fet\u00adler\u00adde oka\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adna m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n ul\u00adgam\u00addyr. So\u0148\u00adky \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 me\u015f\u00adhur\u00adly\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 art\u00adma\u00adgy bi\u00adlen k\u00f6p san\u00adly nus\u00adga\u00adwy \u00fda\u00adzy\u00adjy-\u015fa\u00adhyr\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry, i\u0148 k\u00f6p sa\u00adtyn alyn\u00ad\u00fdan ki\u00adtap\u00adlar elekt\u00adron g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u00ad\u015fe ge\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adril\u00addi. Hat\u00adda da\u00ad\u015fa\u00adry \u00fdurt \u00fda\u00adzy\u00adjy\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 k\u00f6\u00adp\u00fc\u00adsi in\u00addi ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny ka\u00adgyz g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u00ad\u015fin\u00adde d\u00e4l-de, elekt\u00adron g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u015f\u00adde \u00ab\u00e7ap et\u00adme\u00adgi\u00bb ma\u00adkul bil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler.<br \/>\n<strong><em>Elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap<\/em> <em>ha\u00ad\u00e7an d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r?<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\nElekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky il\u00adkin\u00adji pi\u00adkir 1930-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda Rob Brau\u00adny\u0148 fil\u00adme to\u00adma\u00ad\u015fa edip otu\u00adran wag\u00adty kel\u00adle\u00adsi\u00adne gel\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ol pi\u00adki\u00adri\u00adni k\u00f6p\u00ad\u00e7\u00fc\u00adlik bi\u00adlen pa\u00fd\u00adla\u00ad\u015fyp, gel\u00adjek\u00adde bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e tom\u00adly, k\u00fc\u00adti ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 nus\u00adga\u00adsy\u00adny elekt\u00adron en\u00adjam\u00adla\u00adra or\u00adna\u015f\u00addyr\u00admak ar\u00adka\u00adly amat\u00adly usul\u00adda oka\u00adma\u00adgy\u0148 m\u00fcm\u00adkin bol\u00adjak\u00addy\u00adgy ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fcn\u00adj\u00e4\u00adni or\u00adta at\u00ad\u00fdar. 1949-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda is\u00adpan mu\u00adgal\u00adly\u00admy An\u00adhe\u00adla Ru\u00adis Rob\u00adles il\u00adkin\u00adji aw\u00adto\u00adma\u00adtik ki\u00adtap oka\u00fd\u00adjy \u00abEnciclo\u00adpe\u00addia Mec\u00e1nica\u00bb-ny o\u00fd\u00adlap tap\u00ad\u00fdar. Ro\u00adble\u00adsi\u0148 aw\u00adto\u00adma\u00adtik ki\u00adtap oka\u00fd\u00adjy ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky pi\u00adki\u00adri \u00e7a\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 her g\u00fcn mek\u00adde\u00adbe g\u00f6\u00adte\u00adrip git\u00adme\u00adli ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 ag\u00adra\u00admy\u00adny azalt\u00admak mak\u00adsa\u00addy bi\u00adlen d\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4p\u00addir. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle-de bol\u00adsa, bu en\u00adjam k\u00f6p\u00ad\u00e7\u00fc\u00adlik\u00adle\u00ad\u00fdin ula\u00adny\u00ad\u015fa gir\u00adme\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Roble\u00adsi\u0148 o\u00fd\u00adlap ta\u00adpy\u00ad\u015fyn\u00addan 22, \u015fe\u00fd\u00adle hem Rob Brau\u00adny\u0148 pi\u00adki\u00adrin\u00adden 41 \u00fdyl\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra, elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 d\u00f6\u00adre\u00adme\u00adgin\u00adde \u015fow\u00adlu\u00adlyk ga\u00adza\u00adnyl\u00ad\u00fdar. 1970-nji \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ba\u00ad\u015fyn\u00adda, esa\u00adsan, ylym-bi\u00adlim eda\u00adra\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda ede\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fdat\u00adla\u00adry g\u00f6\u00ad\u00e7\u00fc\u00adrip al\u00adma\u00adga m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n, in\u00adter\u00adne\u00adti\u0148 ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00adgy\u00adjy ha\u00adsap\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdan AR\u00adPA\u00adNET ul\u00adga\u00admy d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde, bu \u00f6s\u00fc\u015f\u00adler \u00abGu\u00adten\u00adberg\u00bb at\u00adly tas\u00adla\u00adma\u00adny\u0148 d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addil\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adne ge\u00adtir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. 1990-njy \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ba\u00ad\u015fyn\u00adda in\u00adter\u00adne\u00adte il\u00adkin\u00adji elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 or\u00adna\u015f\u00addy\u00adryl\u00adma\u00adgy bi\u00adlen ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 elekt\u00adron nus\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry stan\u00addart\u00adla\u015f\u00addy\u00adryl\u00ad\u00fdar hem-de on\u00adla\u00fdn ki\u00adtap d\u00fc\u00adkan\u00adla\u00adry d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ta\u00adry\u00adhyn\u00adda\u00adky i\u0148 uly \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fcn\u00adlik\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 bi\u00adri bo\u00adlup, 2014-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda her \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 18-nji sent\u00ad\u00fdab\u00adryn\u00adda elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 b\u00fc\u00adtin\u00add\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 g\u00fc\u00adn\u00fc\u00adni bel\u00adle\u00admek ba\u00adra\u00adda ka\u00adra\u00adra ge\u00adlin\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.<br \/>\nElekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar oky\u00adjy\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 i\u015fi\u00adni bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e es\u00adse \u00fde\u00ad\u0148il\u00adle\u015f\u00addir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde, ki\u00adta\u00adby \u00fda\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adlen g\u00f6\u00adter\u00admek ze\u00adrur\u00adly\u00adgy ara\u00addan a\u00fd\u00adryl\u00ad\u00fdar. Is\u00adleg bil\u00addir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n ki\u00adta\u00adby\u00ad\u0148y\u00adzy jem\u00adgy\u00ad\u00fdet\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik to\u00adrun\u00addan ese\u00adri\u0148 \u00fda-da aw\u00adto\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 ady\u00adny g\u00f6z\u00adlet\u00admek ar\u00adka\u00adly gys\u00adga wagt\u00adda ta\u00adpyp bol\u00ad\u00fdar. Ki\u00adta\u00adby\u0148 elekt\u00adron nus\u00adga\u00adsy\u00adny \u00f6\u00fd\u00adj\u00fck\u00adli te\u00adle\u00adfo\u00adna \u00fd\u00fck\u00adle\u00admek bi\u00adlen \u00fdol\u00adda, dyn\u00e7 aly\u015f\u00adda \u00fda-da i\u015f\u00adde okap bol\u00ad\u00fdar. Be\u00adril\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adra g\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4, d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adde her a\u00fd\u00adda 56 m\u00fc\u0148 elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap ne\u00ad\u015fir edi\u00adlip, on\u00adla\u00fdn ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adda ede\u00adbi eser\u00adler \u00f6\u0148\u00add\u00e4\u00adki or\u00adny e\u00fde\u00adle\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar \u00fda\u015f\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda has \u00fd\u00f6r\u00adg\u00fcn\u00adli we yg\u00adty\u00adbar\u00adly ha\u00adsap\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. Il\u00adki\u00adba\u015f\u00adda ada\u00adty usul\u00adda \u00e7ap edi\u00adlen ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 elekt\u00adron nus\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adlen bol\u00adsa, h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki wagt\u00adda di\u00ad\u0148e elekt\u00adron g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u015f\u00adde \u00fda\u00fd\u00adra\u00addyl\u00ad\u00fdan ki\u00adtap\u00adlar hem \u00e7yk\u00ad\u00fdar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Her \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 18-nji sent\u00ad\u00fdab\u00adryn\u00adda B\u00fc\u00adtin\u00add\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar g\u00fc\u00adni bel\u00adle\u00adnil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu se\u00adn\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 bel\u00adle\u00adnip ge\u00ad\u00e7il\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148 esa\u00adsy mak\u00adsa\u00addy oka\u00adma\u00adgy\u0148 el\u00ad\u00fde\u00adter\u00adli\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni we elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar\u00adda h\u00f6\u00add\u00fcr\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fde\u00ad\u0148il\u00adli\u00adgi a\u00e7yp g\u00f6r\u00adkez\u00admek\u00adden yba\u00adrat\u00addyr. Elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky pi\u00adki\u00adri\u0148 1930-njy \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda or\u00adta aty\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adna ga\u00adra\u00admaz\u00addan, 41 \u00fdyl\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra il\u00adkin\u00adji elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap\u00adlar pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00ad\u00fdar. E\u00fd\u00adsem, elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap n\u00e4\u00adme?! Elekt\u00adron ki\u00adtap san\u00adly for\u00admat\u00adda h\u00f6\u00add\u00fcr\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n, oky\u00adjy\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 elekt\u00adron en\u00adjam\u00adlar\u00adda \u2013 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":146651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[301],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146650"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=146650"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146652,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146650\/revisions\/146652"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/146651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=146650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=146650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}