Di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy di\u00ad\u015fi we di\u015f eti\u00adni aras\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adma\u00adga ni\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adnip, onu\u0148 yzy\u00adgi\u00adder\u00adli ula\u00adnyl\u00adma\u00adgy luk\u00adman\u00adlar ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00addan mas\u00adla\u00adhat be\u00adril\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Adat\u00ad\u00e7a, d\u00fc\u00adz\u00fc\u00admin\u00adde fto\u00adrid bo\u00adlan di\u015f pas\u00adta\u00adla\u00adry agyz bo\u015f\u00adlu\u00adgy\u00adny has go\u00adwy aras\u00adsa\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdan se\u00adri\u015f\u00adde bo\u00adlup, di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy bi\u00adlen bi\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde ula\u00adnyl\u00ad\u00fdar. Di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry ga\u00adty\u00adly\u00adgy, \u015fe\u00adki\u00adli ba\u00adbat\u00adda d\u00fcr\u00adl\u00fc\u00ad\u00e7e bol\u00ad\u00fdar. Luk\u00adman\u00adlar adat\u00ad\u00e7a, \u00fdum\u00ad\u015fak \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adrdan pe\u00fddalan\u00adma\u00adgy mas\u00adla\u00adhat ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Se\u00adb\u00e4\u00adbi ga\u00adty \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adlar di\u00ad\u015fi\u0148 syr\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adna ze\u00adper \u00fde\u00adtir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. H\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki wagt\u00adda gi\u0148\u00adden ula\u00adnyl\u00ad\u00fdan di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry il\u00adkin\u00adji ge\u00adzek Hy\u00adta\u00fd\u00adda pe\u00fd\u00adda bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. XVII asyr\u00adda G\u00fcn\u00addo\u00adgar Azi\u00ad\u00fda \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna ba\u00adran t\u00e4\u00adjir\u00adleri\u0148 we ja\u00adhan\u00adke\u015f\u00adde\u00adleri\u0148 ony \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna \u00e4kit\u00adme\u00adgi bi\u00adlen \u00fda\u00fd\u00adrap ba\u015f\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nDi\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00admaz\u00addan ozal, adam\u00adlar di\u00ad\u015fi\u00adni we agyz bo\u015f\u00adlu\u00adgy\u00adny aras\u00adsa\u00adla\u00admak \u00fc\u00e7in d\u00fcr\u00adli zat\u00adlar\u00addan pe\u00fd\u00adda\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Mu\u00ad\u0148a d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 d\u00fcr\u00adli \u00fder\u00adle\u00adrin\u00adde ge\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adri\u00adlen ga\u00adzuw-ag\u00adta\u00adry\u015f i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adsin\u00adde ta\u00adpy\u00adlan gu\u00adral\u00adlar \u015fa\u00ad\u00fdat\u00adlyk ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ola\u00adry\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda mes\u00adw\u00e4k, aga\u00adjy\u0148 \u015fa\u00adha\u00adsyn\u00addan, s\u00fc\u0148k\u00adden \u00fda\u00adsa\u00adlan di\u015f syn\u00e7\u00adgar, kir\u00adpi\u00adni\u0148 i\u0148\u00ad\u0148e\u00adsi \u00fda\u00adly zat\u00adlar bar. Ola\u00adry\u0148 di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy\u00adna i\u0148 me\u0148\u00adze\u00ad\u015fi bol\u00adsa el\u00adbet\u00adde, mes\u00adw\u00e4k\u00addir. Mes\u00adw\u00e4\u00adgi\u0148 il\u00adkin\u00adji ge\u00adzek M\u00fc\u00ads\u00fcr\u00adde we Wa\u00adwi\u00adlon\u00adda ula\u00adny\u00adlyp ba\u015f\u00adla\u00adnan\u00addy\u00adgy \u00e7ak\u00adla\u00adnyl\u00ad\u00fdar. Esasan, mesw\u00e4k agajyny\u0148 (“Salvadora persica”) \u015fa\u00adha\u00adjyk\u00adla\u00adryn\u00addan \u00fda\u00adsal\u00ad\u00fdan mes\u00adw\u00e4k di\u015f sag\u00adly\u00adgy \u00fc\u00e7in \u00f6sen luk\u00adman\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk yl\u00admy ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00addan hem mas\u00adla\u00adhat be\u00adril\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ea\u00adha\u00adjy\u00adgy\u0148 u\u00e7 ta\u00adra\u00adpy\u00adny\u0148 ga\u00adby\u00adgy ar\u00adty\u00adlyp, i\u00e7\u00adki b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi ma\u00adza\u00adly ow\u00adka\u00adlan\u00adma\u00adgy bi\u00adlen ker\u00adtik-ker\u00adtik g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u00ad\u015fe ge\u00adti\u00adri\u00adlip, \u00e7ot\u00adga me\u0148\u00adze\u00addil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Wa\u00adwi\u00adlon \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerinden ta\u00adpy\u00adlan i\u0148 ga\u00addy\u00admy mes\u00adw\u00e4k mi\u00adla\u00addy\u00addan ozal\u00adky 3500-nji \u00fdyl bi\u00adlen se\u00adne\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle hem M\u00fc\u00ads\u00fcr\u00adde mi\u00adla\u00addy\u00addan ozal\u00adky 3000-nji \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adra de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli, Hy\u00adta\u00fd\u00adda mi\u00adla\u00addy\u00addan ozal\u00adky 1600-nji \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adra de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli ta\u00adry\u00adhy \u00e7e\u015f\u00adme\u00adler\u00adde di\u015fi arassalamakda ulanylan gurallar ba\u00adra\u00addaky mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adra ga\u00adbat gel\u00admek bol\u00ad\u00fdar. Ga\u00addy\u00admy grek\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 we rim\u00adli\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 hem di\u015f syn\u00e7\u00adgar\u00adla\u00adry ula\u00adnan\u00addy\u00adgy ba\u00adra\u00adda mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adlar bar. Ys\u00adlam di\u00adnin\u00adde bol\u00adsa, aras\u00adsa\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adly\u00adga a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn \u00fcns ber\u00adlip, mesw\u00e4gi\u0148 yzy\u00adgi\u00adder\u00adli ula\u00adnyl\u00adma\u00adgy mas\u00adla\u00adhat be\u00adril\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015eol se\u00adb\u00e4p\u00adli VII asyr\u00addan ba\u015f\u00adlap G\u00fcndogar \u00fdurtlarynda mesw\u00e4k gi\u0148\u00adden \u00fda\u00fdrapdyr.
\nD\u00f6w\u00adre\u00adbap di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy\u00adna me\u0148\u00adze\u015f il\u00adkin\u00adji \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adlar Tan di\u00adnas\u00adti\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsy (619-907) d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcn\u00adde Hy\u00adta\u00fd\u00adda ula\u00adny\u00adlyp\u00addyr. \u015eol d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adde di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry \u00fda\u00adba\u00adny ha\u00fd\u00adwan\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 t\u00fc\u00ad\u00fd\u00fcn\u00adden \u00fda\u00adsa\u00adlyp\u00addyr. So\u00adwuk ho\u00adwa\u00adly Si\u00adbir\u00adde we De\u00admir\u00adga\u00adzyk Hy\u00adta\u00fd\u00adda \u00fda\u00ad\u015fa\u00ad\u00fdan \u00fda\u00adba\u00adny ha\u00fd\u00adwan\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 t\u00fc\u00ad\u00fd\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 has ga\u00adty bol\u00ad\u00fdan\u00addy\u00adgy se\u00adb\u00e4p\u00adli olar \u00e7ot\u00adga \u00fda\u00adsa\u00admak \u00fc\u00e7in amat\u00adly bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. Ola\u00adry\u0148 gy\u00adly bam\u00adbuk \u00fda-da s\u00fc\u0148k\u00adden edilen sap\u00adla\u00adra \u00fdel\u00adme\u00adnip \u00fda\u00adsa\u00adlyp\u00addyr. \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adda ula\u00adny\u00adlan di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky il\u00adkin\u00adji mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adlar En\u00adto\u00adni Wu\u00addu\u0148 1690-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda \u00fda\u00adzan aw\u00adto\u00adbi\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsyn\u00adda gabat gel\u00fd\u00e4r. Ol tag\u00adta\u00addan \u00fda\u00adsa\u00adlan di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy\u00adny J. Bar\u00adret at\u00adly bi\u00adrin\u00adden alan\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adny bel\u00adle\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adly\u00adlar hy\u00adta\u00fd\u00adly t\u00e4\u00adjir\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 ge\u00adti\u00adren di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry ga\u00adty bo\u00adlan\u00adso\u0148, at gu\u00fd\u00adru\u00adgyn\u00ady\u0148 \u00fdum\u00ad\u015fak gylyndan \u00fda\u00adsa\u00adlan \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry ula\u00adnyp ba\u015f\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adlar. Mu\u00ad\u0148a ga\u00adra\u00admaz\u00addan, \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry at \u00fda-da \u00f6k\u00fcz t\u00fc\u00ad\u00fd\u00fcn\u00adden \u00fda\u00adsa\u00adlan di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry ge\u00ad\u00e7en asy\u00adry\u0148 or\u00adta\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna \u00e7en\u00adli Hy\u00adta\u00fd\u00addan im\u00adport et\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adni do\u00adwam et\u00addir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler.
\nAng\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda\u00adly Wil\u00adli\u00adam Ad\u00addis 1780-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy\u00adny\u0148 k\u00f6p\u00ad\u00e7\u00fc\u00adlik\u00adle\u00ad\u00fdin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adda il\u00adkin\u00adji bo\u00adlup \u00fdo\u00adla go\u00fd\u00ad\u00fdar. Onu\u0148 bu k\u00e4\u00adri\u00adni og\u00adly Wil\u00adlia\u00adm do\u00adwam et\u00addir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Wag\u00adty\u0148 ge\u00e7\u00adme\u00adgi bi\u00adlen \u00e7yg\u00adry gi\u00ad\u0148\u00e4n \u201cWis\u00addom\u201d at\u00adly kom\u00adpa\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda 1996-njy \u00fdy\u00adla \u00e7en\u00adli \u015fol ma\u015f\u00adga\u00adla\u00adny\u0148 ag\u00adza\u00adla\u00adry e\u00fde\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nGe\u00ad\u00e7en asy\u00adry\u0148 ba\u015f\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda sin\u00adte\u00adtik ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00adal\u00adlar\u00addan \u00f6n\u00add\u00fc\u00adri\u00adlen di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry pe\u00fd\u00adda bo\u00adlup ba\u015f\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdar. \u201cBroxodent\u201d at\u00adly kom\u00adpa\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adde il\u00adkin\u00adji tok\u00adly \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adny 1954-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda \u015ewe\u00fd\u00adsa\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda \u00f6n\u00add\u00fcr\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\n1980-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda has go\u00adwy aras\u00adsa\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdan te\u00adkiz bol\u00adma\u00addyk er\u00adgo\u00adno\u00admik \u015fe\u00adkil\u00adli \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adlar pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00ad\u00fdar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy di\u00ad\u015fi we di\u015f eti\u00adni aras\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adma\u00adga ni\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adnip, onu\u0148 yzy\u00adgi\u00adder\u00adli ula\u00adnyl\u00adma\u00adgy luk\u00adman\u00adlar ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00addan mas\u00adla\u00adhat be\u00adril\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Adat\u00ad\u00e7a, d\u00fc\u00adz\u00fc\u00admin\u00adde fto\u00adrid bo\u00adlan di\u015f pas\u00adta\u00adla\u00adry agyz bo\u015f\u00adlu\u00adgy\u00adny has go\u00adwy aras\u00adsa\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdan se\u00adri\u015f\u00adde bo\u00adlup, di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adsy bi\u00adlen bi\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde ula\u00adnyl\u00ad\u00fdar. Di\u015f \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry ga\u00adty\u00adly\u00adgy, \u015fe\u00adki\u00adli ba\u00adbat\u00adda d\u00fcr\u00adl\u00fc\u00ad\u00e7e bol\u00ad\u00fdar. Luk\u00adman\u00adlar adat\u00ad\u00e7a, \u00fdum\u00ad\u015fak \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adla\u00adrdan pe\u00fddalan\u00adma\u00adgy mas\u00adla\u00adhat ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Se\u00adb\u00e4\u00adbi ga\u00adty \u00e7ot\u00adga\u00adlar di\u00ad\u015fi\u0148 syr\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adna ze\u00adper \u00fde\u00adtir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. H\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17917"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17917"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17917\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/17918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}