Hal\u00adk\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda\u00adky s\u00f6w\u00adda we me\u00adde\u00adni gat\u00adna\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adlar\u00adda \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti uly bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. Is\u00adlen\u00addik d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adde-de \u015fol wag\u00adty\u0148 teh\u00adni\u00adki \u00f6s\u00fc\u00ad\u015fi\u00adne la\u00ad\u00fdyk\u00adlyk\u00adda ilat\u00adly no\u00adkat\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda \u00fdol\u00adlar gur\u00adlup\u00addyr. \u201cIl \u00fd\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4n \u00fder \u00fdol bo\u00adlar\u201d di\u00fd\u00adli\u00ad\u015fi \u00fda\u00adly, il\u00adkin\u00adji \u00fdol\u00adlar \u00fd\u00fck we m\u00fc\u00adngi malla\u00adryny\u0148 yzy\u00adgi\u00adder\u00adli ge\u00e7\u00adme\u00adgi ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adsin\u00adde d\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4p\u00addir. Uzak ara\u00adly\u00adgy ge\u00e7\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge ni\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adnen il\u00adkin\u00adji \u00fdol\u00adlar da\u015f\u00addan gurlup\u00addyr. Il\u00adkin\u00adji da\u015f \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 mi\u00adla\u00addy\u00addan ozal\u00adky 2200-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda Me\u00adso\u00adpo\u00adta\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda gur\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adgy ba\u00adra\u00adda mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adlar bar. \u015eon\u00addan 2000 \u00fdyl so\u0148\u00adra Rim\u00adde da\u015f \u00fdol\u00adlar pe\u00fd\u00adda bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. Ol \u00fdol\u00adlar im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 d\u00fcr\u00adli k\u00fcn\u00adjek\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni bir\u00adle\u015f\u00addi\u00adrip\u00addir. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle hem \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa we De\u00admir\u00adga\u00adzyk Af\u00adri\u00adka\u00adny\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda gys\u00adga wagt\u00adda sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat et\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik be\u00adrip\u00addir. G\u00fc\u00adnor\u00adta Ame\u00adri\u00adka\u00adda XV we XVI asyr\u00adlar\u00adda \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 gi\u0148 to\u00adry pe\u00fd\u00adda bo\u00adlup\u00addyr.
\n1800-nji \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ba\u015f\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda \u015fot\u00adlan\u00addi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adly Jon Ma\u00adka\u00addam has berk \u00fdol gur\u00adma\u00adgy\u0148 usu\u00adly\u00adny o\u00fd\u00adlap tap\u00ad\u00fdar. Ol \u00fdol gu\u00adrul\u00adjak \u00fde\u00adri ga\u00adzyp, a\u015fa\u00adgy\u00adna ma\u00fd\u00adda da\u015f\u00adla\u00adry d\u00fc\u00ad\u015fe\u00adme\u00adgi we ulag\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ti\u00adgir\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne ze\u00adper \u00fdet\u00admez \u00fda\u00adly onu\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fc\u00adne ga\u00adra\u00adsak\u00adgy\u00e7 we \u015fep\u00adbik gat\u00adla\u00adgy\u00adny d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00e4p\u00addir. Rim im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsyn\u00addan \u015fol d\u00f6w\u00adre \u00e7en\u00adli, esa\u00adsan, ara\u00adba go\u00ad\u015fu\u00adlan \u00f6\u00fd ha\u00fd\u00adwan\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 agyr \u00fd\u00fck\u00adle\u00adri da\u00ad\u015fa\u00admak\u00adla\u00adry \u00fc\u00e7in gur\u00adlan \u00fdol\u00adlar iri da\u015f\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fc\u00adne ma\u00fd\u00adda \u00e7a\u00adgyl\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 d\u00fc\u00ad\u015fel\u00adme\u00adgi bi\u00adlen gur\u00adlup\u00addyr. Ma\u00adka\u00addam 1820-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda agyr si\u00adlindr bi\u00adlen ulu\u00adly-ki\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adli da\u015f\u00adla\u00adry bas\u00adgy\u00adlap, has berk \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry gur\u00ad\u00fdar. Bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e gat\u00adlak\u00addan yba\u00adrat bo\u00adlan \u00fdo\u00adlu\u0148 or\u00adta\u00adsy has be\u00adlent, iki ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00addan \u00fda\u00adgyn su\u00adwy sy\u00adry\u00adgyp top\u00adla\u00adnar \u00fda\u00adly la\u00adgym bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde, ola\u00adry\u0148 uzak wagt\u00adlap be\u00adjer\u00adg\u00e4 ze\u00adrur\u00adly\u00adgy bol\u00adman\u00addyr. Onu\u0148 bu usu\u00adly \u00fdol\u00adda sarp edil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n wag\u00adty ep-es\u00adli azal\u00addan hem bol\u00adsa, \u015fol d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adler \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7y\u00adkyp ba\u015f\u00adlan mo\u00adtor\u00adly ulag\u00adla\u00adr to\u00adza\u00adny\u0148 g\u00f6\u00adte\u00adril\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adne ge\u00adti\u00adrip\u00addir. Bu me\u00adse\u00adl\u00e4 uels\u00adli Ed\u00adgar Pur\u00adnell Hu\u00adli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00adg\u00fct tap\u00ad\u00fdar. In\u00ad\u017ee\u00adner bi\u00adr-bi\u00adri\u00adne \u00fda\u00adpy\u00ad\u015fyp dur\u00adma\u00adgy \u00fc\u00e7in \u00e7a\u00adgy\u00adly\u0148 \u00fd\u00fc\u00adz\u00fc\u00adne gyz\u00adgyn as\u00adfal\u00adty gu\u00fd\u00adma\u00adgy tek\u00adlip ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ol 1901-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda as\u00adfal\u00adty\u0148 pa\u00adten\u00adti\u00adni al\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nNe\u00adbit \u00f6n\u00fc\u00admi ha\u00adsap\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdan as\u00adfalt 5000 \u00fdyl\u00addan gow\u00adrak wagt\u00addan b\u00e4\u00adri ula\u00adnyl\u00ad\u00fdan hem bol\u00adsa, ge\u00ad\u00e7en asy\u00adry\u0148 ba\u015f\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda \u00fdol gur\u00admak\u00adda gi\u0148\u00adden pe\u00fd\u00adda\u00adla\u00adny\u00adlyp ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. Iri ne\u00adbit gor\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 ta\u00adpyl\u00adma\u00adgy hem aw\u00adtou\u00adlag\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 sa\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 art\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adna, hem-de ga\u00adra \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 k\u00f6p muk\u00addar\u00adda gu\u00adrul\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adna we \u015fol \u00fdol\u00adlar\u00adda as\u00adfal\u00adty\u0148 ula\u00adnyl\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adna ge\u00adti\u00adrip\u00addir.<\/p>\n
\u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry bi\u00adlen bir ha\u00adtar\u00adda AB\u015e, Ka\u00adna\u00adda, \u00dda\u00adpo\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda, Bra\u00adzi\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda we Ar\u00adgen\u00adti\u00adna \u00f6sen ga\u00adra \u00fdol ul\u00adga\u00admy\u00adna e\u00fde\u00addir.
\nTa\u00adryh\u00adda\u00adky i\u0148 \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adli s\u00f6w\u00adda \u00fdo\u00adly ha\u00adsap\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdan Be\u00fdik \u00dd\u00fc\u00adpek \u00fdo\u00adly Hy\u00adta\u00ad\u00fddan ba\u015f\u00adlap, Or\u00adta Azi\u00ad\u00fda \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adti bi\u00adlen \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa \u00e7en\u00adli uzap\u00addyr. \u00dd\u00fc\u00adpek, keramika, ka\u00adgyz, ys\u00adly ot\u00adlar we be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki gym\u00admat ba\u00adha\u00adly ha\u00adryt\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 da\u00ad\u015fa\u00adlan bu \u00fdo\u00adly d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adde i\u0148 me\u015f\u00adhur ta\u00adry\u00adhy s\u00f6w\u00adda ug\u00adru\u00addyr.
\nDe\u00admir \u00fdol ul\u00adga\u00admyn\u00adda bol\u00ad\u015fy \u00fda\u00adly, teh\u00adni\u00adka\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6s\u00adme\u00adgi gi\u0148 we uzak \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adra\u00adra \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 d\u00f6\u00adre\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adne ge\u00adti\u00adrip\u00addir.
\nGol\u00adlan\u00addi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda her 1000 km2 me\u00fd\u00adda\u00adna 55,6 km aw\u00adto\u00ad\u00fdol d\u00fc\u015f\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nMi\u00adla\u00addy\u00addan ozal V asyr\u00adda Me\u00adso\u00adpo\u00adta\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda Ni\u00adne\u00adwi\u00ad\u00fda \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adri (h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki Yra\u00adgy\u0148 Mu\u00adsul \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adri) bi\u00adlen Sard \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 (h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki T\u00fcr\u00adki\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 Iz\u00admir \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 go\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdy) ara\u00adsyn\u00adda Pa\u00adty\u00ad\u015fa \u00fdo\u00adly at\u00adly da\u015f \u00fdol gur\u00adlup\u00addyr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hal\u00adk\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda\u00adky s\u00f6w\u00adda we me\u00adde\u00adni gat\u00adna\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adlar\u00adda \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti uly bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. Is\u00adlen\u00addik d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adde-de \u015fol wag\u00adty\u0148 teh\u00adni\u00adki \u00f6s\u00fc\u00ad\u015fi\u00adne la\u00ad\u00fdyk\u00adlyk\u00adda ilat\u00adly no\u00adkat\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda \u00fdol\u00adlar gur\u00adlup\u00addyr. \u201cIl \u00fd\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4n \u00fder \u00fdol bo\u00adlar\u201d di\u00fd\u00adli\u00ad\u015fi \u00fda\u00adly, il\u00adkin\u00adji \u00fdol\u00adlar \u00fd\u00fck we m\u00fc\u00adngi malla\u00adryny\u0148 yzy\u00adgi\u00adder\u00adli ge\u00e7\u00adme\u00adgi ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adsin\u00adde d\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4p\u00addir. Uzak ara\u00adly\u00adgy ge\u00e7\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge ni\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adnen il\u00adkin\u00adji \u00fdol\u00adlar da\u015f\u00addan gurlup\u00addyr. Il\u00adkin\u00adji da\u015f \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 mi\u00adla\u00addy\u00addan ozal\u00adky 2200-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda Me\u00adso\u00adpo\u00adta\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18205"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/18206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}