l\u00admy\u0148 aja\u00ad\u00fdyp gud\u00adrat\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adri Abu Re\u00fd\u00adhan Mu\u00adham\u00admet ibn Ah\u00admet Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00addyr. Ol d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adde\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda bi\u00adlim\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 gi\u0148\u00adli\u00adgi we hem\u00adme\u00adta\u00adrap\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdyn \u00e7u\u0148\u00adlu\u00adgy \u00fc\u00e7in \u201dde\u00ad\u0148iz\u201d la\u00adka\u00admy\u00adny g\u00f6\u00adte\u00adrip\u00addir. Al-Bi\u00adru\u00adny 973-1048-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda \u00fda\u00ad\u015fap ge\u00ad\u00e7ip\u00addir. Bi\u00adru\u00adny \u00f6z d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 me\u015f\u00adhur h\u00f6\u00adk\u00fcm\u00addar\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 k\u00f6\u015f\u00adg\u00fcn\u00adde bo\u00adlup, ylym bi\u00adlen me\u015f\u00adgul\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Ol 1017-nji \u00fdyl\u00addan ba\u015f\u00adlap, t\u00e4 \u00f6m\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 ahy\u00adry\u00adna (1048-nji \u00fdy\u00adla) \u00e7en\u00adli Gaz\u00adna\u00adda bo\u00adlup, \u00f6z yl\u00admy i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni Gaz\u00adna\u00adly h\u00f6\u00adk\u00fcm\u00addar\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ho\u00adwan\u00addar\u00adly\u00adgy as\u00adtyn\u00adda do\u00adwam et\u00addi\u00adrip\u00addir. Bi\u00adru\u00adn\u00e4 ho\u00adwan\u00addar\u00adlyk et\u00admek bag\u00adty\u00adna e\u00fde bo\u00adlan h\u00f6\u00adk\u00fcm\u00addar\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 bi\u00adri hem Mah\u00admyt Gaz\u00adna\u00adly\u00addyr.
\nMah\u00admyt Gaz\u00adna\u00adly alym\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 pi\u00adkir\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni, ga\u00adra\u00ad\u00fdy\u015f\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny di\u0148\u00adl\u00e4p\u00addir, hat\u00adda k\u00e4\u00adbir \u00fdag\u00adda\u00fd\u00adlar\u00adda olar bi\u00adlen je\u00adde\u00adle\u00ad-de gi\u00adri\u00ad\u015fip\u00addir. G\u00fcn\u00addo\u00adga\u00adry\u0148 bi\u00adrin\u00adji da\u00adna\u00adsy h\u00f6k\u00adm\u00fcn\u00adde ylym d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adsin\u00adde ab\u00adra\u00ad\u00fdy bar\u00adha art\u00ad\u00fdan Bi\u00adru\u00adn\u00e4 Sol\u00adtan Mah\u00admyt a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn hor\u00admat go\u00ad\u00fdup\u00addyr. P.G.Bul\u00adga\u00adko\u00adwy\u0148, I.Ti\u00admo\u00adfe\u00ad\u00fde\u00adwi\u0148, XIII asyr ta\u00adryh\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adsy \u00dda\u00adkut al-Ha\u00adma\u00adwy\u00adny\u0148 mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna g\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4, Sol\u00adtan alym bi\u00adlen mas\u00adla\u00adhat\u00adla\u015f\u00adma\u00adga, ony \u00f6z\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 ge\u00ad\u00e7ir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n mej\u00adlis\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne \u00e7a\u00adgyr\u00adma\u00adga, da\u00ad\u015fa\u00adry \u00fdurt\u00adlar\u00addan s\u00f6w\u00adda\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adler, il\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adler ge\u00adle\u00adnin\u00adde, onu\u0148 pi\u00adki\u00adri\u00adni bil\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge uly is\u00adleg bil\u00addi\u00adrip\u00addir.
\nMah\u00admyt Gaz\u00adna\u00adly Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 yl\u00admy bar\u00adlag\u00adla\u00adry ge\u00ad\u00e7ir\u00admek\u00adli\u00adgi \u00fc\u00e7in \u00e4h\u00adli \u015fert\u00adle\u00adri d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addip\u00addir. 1019-njy \u00fdyl\u00addan ba\u015f\u00adlap, d\u00f6w\u00adlet gaz\u00adna\u00adsyn\u00addan Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 yl\u00admy bar\u00adlag\u00adla\u00adry ge\u00ad\u00e7ir\u00admek\u00adli\u00adgi we ge\u00adrek\u00adli gu\u00adral\u00adla\u00adry edin\u00admek\u00adli\u00adgi \u00fc\u00e7in se\u00adri\u015f\u00adde\u00adler yzy\u00adgi\u00adder\u00adli go\u00fd\u00adbe\u00adri\u00adlip ba\u015f\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adra g\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4, Bi\u00adru\u00adny Gaz\u00adna\u00adda ob\u00adser\u00adwa\u00adto\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda gur\u00addu\u00adryp\u00addyr. Mah\u00admy\u00addy\u0148 ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n se\u00adri\u015f\u00adde\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 ha\u00adsa\u00adby\u00adna Bi\u00adru\u00adny yl\u00admy bar\u00adlag\u00adla\u00adry ge\u00ad\u00e7ir\u00admek \u00fc\u00e7in gu\u00adral\u00adla\u00adry, en\u00adjam\u00adla\u00adry edi\u00adnip, 1019-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda \u00e4girt uly di\u00adwar kwad\u00adra\u00adty\u00adny d\u00fc\u00adz\u00fcp\u00addir. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle-de ol \u00f6z d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 i\u0148 k\u00e4\u00admil gu\u00adral\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny edi\u00adnip\u00addir. Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adda kom\u00adpos\u00adda\u00adnam has k\u00e4\u00admil \u201dast\u00adrol\u00ad\u00fda\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fda\u201d at\u00adly gu\u00adra\u00adly\u0148 bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u00ad\u015fi bo\u00adlup\u00addyr.
\nGaz\u00adna\u00adly k\u00f6\u015f\u00adg\u00fcn\u00adde i\u015f\u00adl\u00e4n wag\u00adty, \u00fdag\u00adny 1017-1048-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda Abu Re\u00fd\u00adhan Bi\u00adru\u00adny d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 yl\u00admy\u00adna uly go\u00ad\u015fant go\u00ad\u015fan me\u015f\u00adhur i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni \u00fda\u00adzyp\u00addyr. S\u00f6\u00adz\u00fc\u00admiz gu\u00adrak bol\u00admaz \u00fda\u00adly, Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 Gaz\u00adna\u00adly\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ho\u00adwan\u00addar\u00adly\u00adgyn\u00adda d\u00f6\u00adre\u00adden k\u00e4\u00adbir yl\u00admy i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 at\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny \u00fdat\u00adlap ge\u00ad\u00e7e\u00adli\u0148! \u00dde\u00adri\u0148 geo\u00adlo\u00adgik gat\u00adlak\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny, dag\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 d\u00f6\u00adre\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148, gu\u00adry \u00fder bi\u00adlen de\u00ad\u0148iz\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 \u00fder\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 \u00fc\u00fdt\u00adge\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adni be\u00ad\u00fdan ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u201dGeo\u00adde\u00adzi\u00ad\u00fda\u201d at\u00adly ki\u00adta\u00adby 1018-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda \u00fda\u00adzy\u00adlyp ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar we 1025-nji \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 20-nji okt\u00ad\u00fdab\u00adryn\u00adda ta\u00admam\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. Bu ki\u00adtap\u00adda Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 \u00fda\u015f\u00adlyk \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adryn\u00addan gy\u00adzyk\u00adla\u00adnan ylym\u00adla\u00adry \u2013 prak\u00adti\u00adki ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda we ma\u00adte\u00adma\u00adti\u00adki ge\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfi\u00ad\u00fda ba\u00adra\u00adda gi\u00ad\u0148i\u015f\u00adle\u00ad\u00fdin be\u00ad\u00fdan edi\u00adlip\u00addir. 1025-1027-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda \u00fda\u00adzy\u00adlan, ma\u00adte\u00adma\u00adti\u00adka yl\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 d\u00fcr\u00adli pu\u00addak\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny \u00f6z i\u00e7i\u00adne al\u00ad\u00fdan \u201dHor\u00adda\u00adlar\u201d ki\u00adta\u00adby, \u201dFer\u00adga\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 \u201dele\u00adment\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne\u201d d\u00fc\u00adze\u00addi\u015f\u00adler\u201d at\u00adly ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admik ha\u00adsap\u00adla\u00adma de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli ki\u00adta\u00adby, \u00dde\u00adri\u0148 sfe\u00adra\u00adsy\u00adna, \u015fe\u00fd\u00adle-de ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adlap, \u201dJa\u00fd\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 mer\u00adke\u00adzi\u00adni kes\u00adgit\u00adle\u00admek\u00adde azi\u00admut\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 te\u00adge\u00adlek\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni pe\u00fd\u00adda\u00adlan\u00admak ha\u00adkyn\u00adda\u00adky\u201d at\u00adly ki\u00adta\u00adby gollanma esasynda ulanylan eserleri\u0148 k\u00e4biridir. \u201dGno\u00admi\u00adka\u201d \u2013 bu Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 fi\u00adzi\u00adka, funk\u00adsio\u00adnal ma\u00adte\u00adma\u00adti\u00adka, prak\u00adti\u00adki ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli \u00fda\u00adzan d\u00fc\u00fdp\u00adli i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 bi\u00adri\u00addir. \u201d\u00ddyl\u00addyz\u00adlar ha\u00adkyn\u00adda ylym\u201d (1030 \u00fd.) at\u00adly i\u015fi\u00adni Bi\u00adru\u00adny ta\u00adkyk ylym\u00adlar bi\u00adlen gy\u00adzyk\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdan Re\u00fd\u00adha\u00adna at\u00adly bir ze\u00adna\u00adna ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adlap\u00addyr. Bu ki\u00adtap\u00adda geo\u00admet\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda, arif\u00adme\u00adti\u00adka, ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda, ge\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfi\u00ad\u00fda, hro\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adlar \u00fder\u00adle\u015f\u00addi\u00adri\u00adlip, ol 530 so\u00adrag\u00addan we jo\u00adgap\u00addan yba\u00adrat\u00addyr. Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 bu i\u015fi\u00adni alym I.\u00dd.Kra\u00e7\u00adkows\u00adki\u00fd yl\u00admy\u0148 d\u00fcr\u00adli pu\u00addak\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny \u00f6z i\u00e7i\u00adne al\u00ad\u00fdan uly en\u00adsik\u00adlo\u00adpe\u00addi\u00ad\u00fda di\u00ad\u00fdip at\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00ad\u00fdar. A\u00fdy\u0148 as\u00adman sfe\u00adra\u00adsy bo\u00ad\u00fdun\u00ad\u00e7a he\u00adre\u00adket ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fdol\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adla\u00adnan \u201dA\u00fdy\u0148 du\u00adral\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny anyk\u00adla\u00admak ha\u00adkyn\u00adda\u201d at\u00adly ki\u00adta\u00adbyny\u0148, bi\u00adzi\u0148 g\u00fcn\u00adle\u00adri\u00admi\u00adze ge\u00adlip \u00fdet\u00adme\u00addik, \u00fd\u00f6\u00adne \u015fol \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda \u00fda\u00adzy\u00adlan \u201dAst\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 a\u00e7a\u00adry\u201d at\u00adly ki\u00adtabyny\u0148, 1010-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda \u00fda\u00adzy\u00adlyp gu\u00adta\u00adry\u00adlan we il\u00adkin\u00adji uly g\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcm\u00adli i\u015fi bo\u00adlan \u201dHro\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda\u201d ki\u00adta\u00adby\u00adny\u0148 ta\u00adry\u00adhy \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti has-da ulu\u00addyr. \u201dHro\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda\u201d atly ki\u00adtap\u00adda Ho\u00adrez\u00admi\u0148 X-XI asyr ta\u00adry\u00adhy ba\u00adra\u00adda gym\u00admat\u00adly mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adlar be\u00ad\u00fdan edil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 Ho\u00adrez\u00admi\u0148 ta\u00adry\u00adhy ba\u00adra\u00adda \u201dHo\u00adrez\u00admi\u0148 me\u015f\u00adhur adam\u00adla\u00adry\u201d di\u00ad\u00fden ki\u00adta\u00adby hem bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. Em\u00adma ol ki\u00adtap bi\u00adzi\u0148 g\u00fcn\u00adle\u00adri\u00admi\u00adze ge\u00adlip \u00fdet\u00adm\u00e4n\u00addir.
\nBi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adze mi\u00adras ga\u00adlan eser\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 i\u00e7in\u00adde ling\u00adwis\u00adti\u00adka we ede\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fdat yl\u00admy\u00adna de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli trak\u00adtat\u00adla\u00adry hem bar. Bi\u00adru\u00adny il\u00adkin\u00adji bo\u00adlup, \u015fy\u00adgyr \u00f6l\u00ad\u00e7eg ka\u00adda\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny (sansk\u00adrit we arap aru\u00adzy) yl\u00admy kom\u00adpa\u00adra\u00adtiw esas\u00adda \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adnen alym\u00addyr. Ol \u00f6z\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 \u201dHin\u00addis\u00adtan\u201d at\u00adly i\u015fin\u00adde, ga\u00addy\u00admy hin\u00addi \u201d\u00e7han\u00addu\u201d \u2013 go\u015f\u00adgy ul\u00adga\u00admy\u00adny \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adnip\u00addir we se\u00adre\u00addil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u015fy\u00adgyr \u00f6l\u00ad\u00e7eg\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 umu\u00admy ta\u00adrap\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny ta\u00adpyp\u00addyr. Bi\u00adru\u00adny alym\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 i\u00e7in\u00adde il\u00adkin\u00adji bo\u00adlup, \u015fy\u00adgyr \u00f6l\u00ad\u00e7eg\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 \u00e7e\u00adper\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adne d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fcn\u00adme\u00adgi ba\u00ad\u015fa\u00adryp\u00addyr. Ol ga\u00addy\u00admy hin\u00addi we arap \u015fy\u00adgyr ul\u00adgam\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda, bo\u00adgun\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 hil h\u00e4\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adli\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148 esas bo\u00adlup dur\u00ad\u00fdan umu\u00admy\u00adly\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 bar\u00addy\u00adgy ba\u00adbat\u00adda\u00adky ne\u00adti\u00adj\u00e4 ge\u00adlip\u00addir. Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 \u00e7u\u0148\u00ad\u0148ur bi\u00adli\u00admi\u00adne hor\u00admat go\u00ad\u00fdan hin\u00addi alym\u00adla\u00adry ony \u201dde\u00ad\u0148iz\u201d di\u00ad\u00fdip at\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adryp\u00addyr\u00adlar.
\nBi\u00adru\u00adny 1031-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda \u201dTa\u00adka\u00adsim al-aka\u00adlim\u201d (\u201dKli\u00admat\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fc\u00adni\u00ad\u015fi\u201d) di\u00ad\u00fden ese\u00adri\u00adni \u00fda\u00adzyp gu\u00adta\u00adryp\u00addyr. XIII asyr arap ge\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfy \u00dda\u00adkut k\u00f6p\u00adlen\u00e7 \u00f6z i\u015f\u00adle\u00adrin\u00adde Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 \u201dTa\u00adka\u00adsim al-aka\u00adlim\u201d (\u201dKli\u00admat\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 b\u00f6\u00adl\u00fc\u00adni\u00ad\u015fi\u201d) di\u00ad\u00fden ese\u00adrin\u00adden pe\u00fd\u00adda\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Bi\u00adru\u00adny ge\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfi\u00ad\u00fda ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adlap bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e eser\u00adle\u00adri d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addip\u00addir, \u201dTa\u00adka\u00adsim al-aka\u00adlim\u201d hem \u015fe\u00fd\u00adle eser\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 bi\u00adri\u00addir. Gy\u00adnan\u00adsak-da, aly\u00admy\u0148 ge\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfi\u00ad\u00fda ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adla\u00adnan bu ese\u00adri bi\u00adzi\u0148 g\u00fcn\u00adle\u00adri\u00admi\u00adze ge\u00adlip \u00fdet\u00adm\u00e4n\u00addir.
\n1036-njy \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 ahy\u00adry\u00adna \u00e7en\u00adli Bi\u00adru\u00adny \u00fde\u00adne-de bir uly ki\u00adta\u00adby \u00fda\u00adzyp gu\u00adta\u00adryp\u00addyr. Bi\u00adru\u00adny \u201dMa\u00adsu\u00addy\u0148 Ka\u00adnu\u00adny\u201d di\u00ad\u00fdip at\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adran bu ki\u00adta\u00adby\u00adny 1031-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda \u00fda\u00adzyp ba\u015f\u00adlap\u00addyr. \u201dMa\u00adsu\u00addy\u0148 Ka\u00adnu\u00adny\u201d 11 ki\u00adtap\u00addan yba\u00adrat bo\u00adlup, ol Sol\u00adtan Ma\u00adsu\u00adda ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Sol\u00adtan Ma\u00adsud bu aja\u00ad\u00fdyp ki\u00adtap \u00fc\u00e7in Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny k\u00f6p muk\u00addar\u00adda al\u00adtyn pul\u00adlar bi\u00adlen ser\u00adpa\u00fd\u00adla\u00adma\u00adgy tab\u00ad\u015fy\u00adryp\u00addyr. Ki\u00adta\u00adby\u0148 ady\u00adna ga\u00adra\u00admaz\u00addan, akyl\u00adda\u00adry\u0148 bu ki\u00adta\u00adby, esa\u00adsan, ma\u00adte\u00adma\u00adti\u00adka\u00adny\u0148 we ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 me\u00adse\u00adle\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni \u00f6z i\u00e7i\u00adne alyp\u00addyr. Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 bu ki\u00adta\u00adby\u00adny alym\u00adlar or\u00adta asyr\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admik en\u00adsik\u00adlo\u00adpe\u00addi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsy ha\u00adsap\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adlar. \u00c7\u00fcn\u00adki, bu i\u015f\u00adde ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 \u00fde\u00adke\u00adje ug\u00adry-da, onu\u0148 d\u00fc\u00fdp\u00adli me\u00adse\u00adle\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 hi\u00e7 ha\u00fd\u00adsy\u00adsy-da \u00fdat\u00addan \u00e7y\u00adka\u00adryl\u00adman\u00addyr. Ta\u00adryh\u00ad\u00e7y \u00dda\u00adkut Ha\u00adma\u00adwy \u201dMa\u00adsu\u00addy\u0148 Ka\u00adnu\u00adny\u201d hak\u00adda \u201dOl ma\u00adte\u00adma\u00adti\u00adka\u00addan we ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda\u00addan \u00fda\u00adzy\u00adlan ki\u00adtap\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u00e4h\u00adli\u00adsi\u00adni\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fc\u00adne ata\u00adnak \u00e7ek\u00addi\u201d di\u00ad\u00fdip bel\u00adl\u00e4p\u00addir. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle-de ki\u00adtap\u00adda tri\u00adgo\u00adno\u00admet\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda, ma\u00adte\u00adma\u00adti\u00adka, ge\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfi\u00ad\u00fda we ast\u00adro\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adlar gi\u00ad\u0148i\u015f\u00adle\u00ad\u00fdin \u00f6z be\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u00adny ta\u00adpyp\u00addyr. Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 \u201dMa\u00adsu\u00addy\u0148 Ka\u00adnu\u00adny\u201d at\u00adly ese\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 ast\u00adro\u00adno\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda yl\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 ta\u00adry\u00adhyn\u00adda tut\u00ad\u00fdan be\u00ad\u00fdik or\u00adnu\u00adny Ibn Si\u00adna\u00adny\u0148 \u201dLuk\u00adman\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk yl\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 ka\u00adnu\u00adny\u00adny\u0148\u201d me\u00addi\u00adsi\u00adna yl\u00admyn\u00adda tut\u00ad\u00fdan or\u00adny bi\u00adlen de\u00ad\u0148e\u015f\u00addir\u00admek bo\u00adlar.
\nBi\u00adru\u00adny Ma\u00adsu\u00addy\u0148 d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcn\u00adde Abu Bekr Mu\u00adham\u00admet ibn Zak\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 bib\u00adli\u00adog\u00adra\u00adfi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsy\u00adny (\u201dFih\u00adris\u00adti\u00adni\u201d) d\u00fc\u00adz\u00fcp\u00addir. Zak\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda Ra\u00adzy\u00adny\u0148 me\u00adde\u00adni mi\u00adra\u00adsy\u00adny\u0148 ebe\u00addi\u00adle\u015f\u00adme\u00adgin\u00adde Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 \u201dFih\u00adrist\u201d di\u00ad\u00fden i\u015fi\u00adni\u0148 uly \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti bar. Ol Ra\u00adzy\u00adny\u0148 k\u00f6p eser\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni, a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adty\u00adnam, hi\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda, luk\u00adman\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adly\u00adga hem-de fi\u00adlo\u00adso\u00adfi\u00ad\u00fda de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni \u00fdyg\u00adnap\u00addyr. \u201dFih\u00adrist\u00adde\u201d Zak\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda Ra\u00adzy\u00adny\u0148 di\u00ad\u0148e bir hi\u00admi\u00ad\u00fda yl\u00admy\u00adna de\u00adgi\u015f\u00adli trak\u00adtat\u00adla\u00adry\u00addyr be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 21-si\u00adni\u0148 ady tu\u00adtul\u00ad\u00fdar. \u015eu \u00fdy\u00adgyn\u00addy-da Bi\u00adru\u00adny Ra\u00adzy\u00adny\u0148 me\u00addi\u00adsi\u00adna\u00addan \u00fda\u00adzan eser\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 56-sy\u00adny \u00fdat\u00adlap ge\u00ad\u00e7ip\u00addir. Bu ki\u00adtap\u00adda Ra\u00adzy\u00adny\u0148 eser\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 184-si\u00adni\u0148 ady \u00fder\u00adle\u015f\u00addi\u00adri\u00adlip\u00addir.
\nMah\u00admyt Gaz\u00adna\u00adly\u00adny\u0148 ag\u00adty\u00adgy Sol\u00adtan Maw\u00addu\u00addy\u0148 d\u00f6w\u00adle\u00adti do\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adran d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcn\u00adde (1041-1048 \u00fd.\u00fd.) Abu Re\u00fd\u00adhan Bi\u00adru\u00adny \u201dMi\u00adne\u00adra\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda\u201d \u2013 \u201dKi\u00adtap al-je\u00adma\u00adhyr fi ma\u00adri\u00adfat al-je\u00adwa\u00adhyr\u201d di\u00ad\u00fden at bi\u00adlen me\u015f\u00adhur bo\u00adlan ese\u00adri\u00adni mi\u00adras go\u00ad\u00fdup\u00addyr. Bu ki\u00adtap gym\u00admat\u00adba\u00adha\u00adly mi\u00adne\u00adral\u00adla\u00adra we me\u00adtal\u00adla\u00adra ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Ki\u00adtap\u00adda 50-den gow\u00adrak mi\u00adne\u00adral\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 we me\u00adtal\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 at\u00adla\u00adry ge\u00adti\u00adri\u00adlip, her bi\u00adri ha\u00adkyn\u00adda a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn bir bap\u00adda d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fcn\u00addi\u00adri\u015f be\u00adr\u00adlip\u00addir. Abu Re\u00fd\u00adhan Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 k\u00f6p \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 do\u00adwa\u00admyn\u00adda top\u00adlan tej\u00adri\u00adbe\u00adsi, yl\u00admy bar\u00adlag\u00adla\u00adry ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adsin\u00adde d\u00f6\u00adre\u00adden bu ese\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 di\u00ad\u0148e bir ta\u00adkyk ylym\u00adlar \u00fc\u00e7in d\u00e4l, e\u00fd\u00adsem, ta\u00adry\u00adhy, me\u00adde\u00adni-mi\u00adra\u00adsy \u00f6w\u00adren\u00admek \u00fc\u00e7in-de \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti ulu\u00addyr. Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 bu ese\u00adri bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e alym\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adji\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adne t\u00e4\u00adsir edip\u00addir. \u201dMi\u00adne\u00adra\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda\u201d XIII asyr\u00adda \u00fda\u00ad\u015fap ge\u00ad\u00e7en te\u00adbi\u00adgat ha\u00addy\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny der\u00ad\u0148e\u00fd\u00adji, fi\u00adlo\u00adsof Na\u00adsy\u00adred\u00addin Tu\u00adsy\u00adny\u0148 eser\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148, \u015fe\u00fd\u00adle-de \u201dJe\u00adwa\u00adhyr-na\u00adma\u201d ese\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 awtory, XV asy\u00adry\u0148 akyl\u00adda\u00adry Mu\u00adham\u00admet ibn Man\u00adsu\u00adry\u0148 we be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e akyl\u00addar\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri \u00fc\u00e7in il\u00adkin\u00adji \u00e7e\u015f\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 bi\u00adri bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. \u201dMi\u00adne\u00adra\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda\u201d XI asy\u00adry\u0148 40-njy \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda \u00fda\u00adzy\u00adlyp\u00addyr.
\n\u201dFar\u00adma\u00adkog\u00adno\u00adzi\u00ad\u00fda\u201d (\u201dKi\u00adtap as-sa\u00fd\u00adda\u00adna fit-tib\u201d) ki\u00adta\u00adby\u00adny Bi\u00adru\u00adny \u00f6m\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 ahyr\u00adky \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda, Gaz\u00adna\u00adly \u015fa\u00adsy Maw\u00addu\u00addy\u0148 h\u00f6\u00adk\u00fcm\u00addar\u00adlyk eden \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda \u00fdaz\u00ad\u00fdar. Bu ki\u00adtap luk\u00adman\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk yl\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 k\u00e4\u00adbir me\u00adse\u00adle\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne ba\u00adgy\u015f\u00adla\u00adnan\u00addyr. Ol \u00f6z ene di\u00adlin\u00adden ba\u015f\u00adga-da arap, pars, si\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda\u00adly\u00adla\u00adry\u0148, \u00fdu\u00adnan (grek), ga\u00addy\u00admy iu\u00adde\u00fd we sansk\u00adrit dil\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni su\u00adwa\u00adra bi\u00adlip\u00addir, bu hem aly\u00adma \u015fol dil\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 umu\u00admy ling\u00adwis\u00adtik \u00f6w\u00adre\u00adni\u00adli\u00ad\u015fi\u00adni ama\u00adla a\u015fyr\u00admak\u00adly\u00adga uly k\u00f6\u00admek edip\u00addir. Bi\u00adru\u00adny eser\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni arap di\u00adlin\u00adde \u00fda\u00adzyp\u00addyr. G\u00fcn\u00addo\u00adgar yl\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 we me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adni\u0148 gal\u00adkyn\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adna \u00e4girt uly go\u00ad\u015fant go\u00ad\u015fan Abu Re\u00fd\u00adhan Bi\u00adru\u00adny mu\u00adsul\u00adman alym\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 i\u00e7in\u00adde i\u0148 bir \u00f6\u0148\u00adde\u00adba\u00adry\u00adjy\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adri\u00addir. Bi\u00adru\u00adny d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 bel\u00adli ma\u00adte\u00adma\u00adtik, ast\u00adro\u00adnom, geo\u00adlog, far\u00adma\u00adsewt, ta\u00adryh\u00ad\u00e7y, ge\u00adog\u00adraf, ling\u00adwist we din aly\u00admy\u00addyr. Ta\u00adkyk bi\u00adlim\u00adler\u00adde Bi\u00adru\u00adny geo\u00adlog, mi\u00adne\u00adro\u00adlog, far\u00adma\u00adsewt we fi\u00adzik h\u00f6k\u00adm\u00fcn\u00adde ta\u00adny\u00admal\u00addyr. Alym\u00adlar Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 150-den gow\u00adrak yl\u00admy eser\u00adle\u00adri \u00fda\u00adzan\u00addy\u00adgy ba\u00adra\u00adda nyg\u00adta\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adlar. Akyl\u00adda\u00adry\u0148 \u00fda\u00adzan eser\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 hem\u00adme\u00adsi\u00adni bi\u00adzi\u0148 d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fc\u00admiz\u00adde ne\u00ad\u015fir et\u00adsek, olar her\u00adsi\u00adni\u0148 m\u00f6\u00e7\u00adbe\u00adri 35 \u00e7ap list\u00adden yba\u00adrat bo\u00adlan 40 tom\u00adluk ki\u00adtap bo\u00adlar\u00addy.
\nTa\u00adryh\u00ad\u00e7y \u00c4r\u00addo\u00adgan Mer\u00ad\u00e7il: \u201dAsyl ge\u00adlip \u00e7y\u00adky\u00ad\u015fy oguz t\u00fcrk\u00admen\u00adle\u00adrin\u00adden bo\u00adlan alym, akyl\u00addar Abu Re\u00fd\u00adhan Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00adny\u0148 i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 yl\u00admy we me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti \u00fc\u00e7in \u00f6r\u00e4n gym\u00admat\u00adly\u00addyr\u201d di\u00ad\u00fdip \u00fdaz\u00ad\u00fdar. \u00d6m\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 k\u00f6p b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi\u00adni – 31 \u00fdy\u00adly\u00adny Gaz\u00adna\u00adda \u00fda\u00ad\u015fap, aja\u00ad\u00fdyp eser\u00adle\u00adri d\u00f6\u00adre\u00adden Bi\u00adru\u00adny d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 ta\u00adry\u00adhy\u00adny\u0148 par\u00adlak \u00fdyl\u00addy\u00adzy\u00addyr.<\/p>\n
L\u00e4\u00adle AL\u00adLA\u00adBER\u00adDI\u00ad\u00ddE\u00adWA,
\nH. Der\u00ad\u00fda\u00ad\u00fdew adyn\u00adda\u00adky Mu\u00adgal\u00adlym\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk
\nmek\u00adde\u00adbi\u00adni\u0148 ta\u00adryh mu\u00adgal\u00adly\u00admy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
l\u00admy\u0148 aja\u00ad\u00fdyp gud\u00adrat\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adri Abu Re\u00fd\u00adhan Mu\u00adham\u00admet ibn Ah\u00admet Bi\u00adru\u00adny\u00addyr. Ol d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adde\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda bi\u00adlim\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 gi\u0148\u00adli\u00adgi we hem\u00adme\u00adta\u00adrap\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdyn \u00e7u\u0148\u00adlu\u00adgy \u00fc\u00e7in \u201dde\u00ad\u0148iz\u201d la\u00adka\u00admy\u00adny g\u00f6\u00adte\u00adrip\u00addir. Al-Bi\u00adru\u00adny 973-1048-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda \u00fda\u00ad\u015fap ge\u00ad\u00e7ip\u00addir. Bi\u00adru\u00adny \u00f6z d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 me\u015f\u00adhur h\u00f6\u00adk\u00fcm\u00addar\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 k\u00f6\u015f\u00adg\u00fcn\u00adde bo\u00adlup, ylym bi\u00adlen me\u015f\u00adgul\u00adla\u00adnyp\u00addyr. Ol 1017-nji \u00fdyl\u00addan ba\u015f\u00adlap, t\u00e4 \u00f6m\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 ahy\u00adry\u00adna (1048-nji \u00fdy\u00adla) \u00e7en\u00adli Gaz\u00adna\u00adda bo\u00adlup, \u00f6z yl\u00admy i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni Gaz\u00adna\u00adly h\u00f6\u00adk\u00fcm\u00addar\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ho\u00adwan\u00addar\u00adly\u00adgy […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24084,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24077"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24077"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24077\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/24084"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24077"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}