{"id":39015,"date":"2021-02-04T21:04:45","date_gmt":"2021-02-04T16:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/?p=39015"},"modified":"2021-03-01T17:40:11","modified_gmt":"2021-03-01T12:40:11","slug":"mikroskop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/mikroskop\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikroskop"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Kim, ha\u00ad\u00e7an o\u00fd\u00adlap tap\u00addy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Il\u00adkin\u00adji op\u00adti\u00adki mik\u00adros\u00adko\u00adpy ni\u00adder\u00adland\u00ad\u00adly \u00e4\u00fd\u00adnek \u00f6n\u00add\u00fc\u00adri\u00adji Hans \u00ddan\u00adsen hem-de onu\u0148 og\u00adly Za\u00adha\u00adri\u00adas o\u00fd\u00adlap tap\u00ad\u00fdar. Mik\u00adros\u00adkop g\u00f6z bi\u00adlen g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fcp bol\u00adma\u00adjak de\u00adre\u00adje\u00add\u00e4ki ki\u00ad\u00e7i zat\u00adla\u00adry \u2013 wi\u00adrus\u00adla\u00adry, bak\u00adte\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda\u00adla\u00adry, \u00f6\u00fd\u00adj\u00fck\u00adle\u00adri, atom\u00adla\u00adry we be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki zat\u00adla\u00adry has anyk g\u00f6r\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ge\u00adli\u0148, mik\u00adro d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni has a\u00fd\u00addy\u0148 g\u00f6r\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n mik\u00adros\u00adko\u00adpy\u0148 a\u00e7y\u00ad\u015fy ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adra \u00fda\u00adkyn\u00addan se\u00adre\u00adde\u00adli\u0148!<br \/>\nMundan bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e asyr ozal Rim\u00adli\u00adler or\u00adta\u00adsy ga\u00adly\u0148, gy\u00adra\u00adla\u00adry \u00fdu\u00adka, \u00fdag\u00adny g\u00fc\u00adber\u00ad\u00e7ek\u00adli a\u00fd\u00adna\u00adny\u0148 ji\u00adsim\u00adle\u00adri bol\u00ad\u015fun\u00addan has uly g\u00f6r\u00adkez\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n\u00addi\u00adgi\u00adne g\u00f6z \u00fde\u00adti\u00adrip\u00addir\u00adler. G\u00fc\u00adber\u00ad\u00e7ek\u00adli a\u00fd\u00adna\u00adny\u0148 mer\u00adji\u00adme\u00adgi\u0148 d\u00e4\u00adne\u00adsin\u00ade me\u0148\u00adze\u015f\u00adli\u00adgi se\u00adb\u00e4p\u00adli ola\u00adra la\u00adtyn\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adda mer\u00adji\u00admek di\u00fd\u00adme\u00adgi a\u0148\u00adlad\u00ad\u00fdan \u00ablen\u00adtil\u00bb s\u00f6\u00adzi bi\u00adlen bag\u00adla\u00adny\u015f\u00addy\u00adryp, \u00ablin\u00adza\u00bb di\u00ad\u00fdip at be\u00adrip\u00addir\u00adler. Lin\u00adza\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 XIII asyr\u00adda \u00e4\u00fd\u00adnek \u00fda\u00adsa\u00admak\u00adda ula\u00adny\u00adlyp ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00adma\u00adgy mik\u00adros\u00adko\u00adpy\u0148 d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addil\u00adme\u00adginde il\u00adkin\u00adji \u00e4dim\u00ad bol\u00addy. \u00ddag\u00adty\u00adly\u00adgy\u0148 \u015f\u00f6h\u00adle\u00adsi\u00adni d\u00f6w\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n, gy\u00adra\u00adsy eg\u00adri lin\u00adza\u00adlar\u00addan mik\u00adros\u00adkop \u00fda\u00adsap bol\u00adjak\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adna il\u00adki g\u00f6z \u00fde\u00adti\u00adren \u00e4\u00fd\u00adnek us\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adri bol\u00addy. Ata\u00adly-ogul 1590-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda \u00fda\u00adsa\u00adlan lin\u00adza\u00adny\u0148 ji\u00adsim\u00adle\u00adri az\u00adda-k\u00e4n\u00adde ulald\u00ad\u00fdan\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adny, k\u00f6p gat\u00adlak\u00adly lin\u00adza\u00adlar ar\u00adka\u00adly ony has hem ulal\u00addyp bol\u00adjak\u00addy\u00adgy\u00ad ba\u00adra\u00adda pi\u00adkir ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. Olar lin\u00adza\u00adla\u00adry si\u00adlin\u00addi\u00adri\u0148 i\u00e7i\u00adne \u00fder\u00adle\u015f\u00addir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. Ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adde, k\u00f6p gat\u00adlak\u00adly lin\u00adza ji\u00adsim\u00adle\u00adri 10 es\u00adse uly g\u00f6r\u00adkez\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu en\u00adjam il\u00adkin\u00adji op\u00adti\u00adki mik\u00adros\u00adkop ha\u00adsap\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar.<br \/>\nI\u0148\u00adlis aly\u00admy Ro\u00adbert Huk 1660-njy \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda \u00ddans\u00adsen\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 \u00fda\u00adsan mik\u00adros\u00adko\u00adpy\u00adny lon\u00addon\u00adly Kris\u00adto\u00adfer Ko\u00adku\u0148 k\u00f6\u00adme\u00adgi bi\u00adlen k\u00e4\u00admil\u00adle\u015f\u00addir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Huk \u00f6z \u00fda\u00adsan mik\u00adros\u00adko\u00adpy ar\u00adka\u00adly m\u00fc\u0148\u00adler\u00ad\u00e7e ji\u00adsi\u00admi we jan\u00adly or\u00adga\u00adniz\u00admi \u00fda\u00adkyn\u00addan \u00f6w\u00adren\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Alym jan\u00adly or\u00adga\u00adnizm\u00adleri\u0148 ulal\u00addy\u00adlan\u00adda has t\u00e4\u00adsin bo\u00adlup g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u015fe\u00adkil\u00adle\u00adrini\u0148 su\u00adra\u00adty\u00adny 1665-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda \u00abMicrog\u00adra\u00adpia\u00bb at\u00adly ki\u00adta\u00adbyn\u00adda \u00e7ap ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Huk k\u00f6\u00adme\u00adle\u00adgi\u0148 bir g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u00ad\u015fi\u00adni \u00f6w\u00adren\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n ma\u00adha\u00adly ara\u00adsyn\u00adda\u00adky bo\u015f\u00adlu\u00adga \u00ab\u00f6\u00fd\u00adj\u00fck\u00bb di\u00ad\u00fdip at ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde, bio\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda yl\u00admyn\u00adda \u00f6\u00fd\u00adj\u00fc\u00adgi\u0148 il\u00adkin\u00adji kes\u00adgit\u00adle\u00adme\u00adsi pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00ad\u00fdar.<br \/>\nNi\u00adder\u00adland\u00adly An\u00adto\u00adni wan Le\u00adwen\u00adguk 1670-nji \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda \u00abMicrog\u00adra\u00adpia\u00bb ki\u00adta\u00adbyn\u00addan pe\u00fd\u00adda\u00adla\u00adnyp, t\u00e4\u00adze lin\u00adza\u00adla\u00adry d\u00f6\u00adred\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu lin\u00adza\u00adlar ar\u00adka\u00adly ji\u00adsim\u00adle\u00adri 270 es\u00adse ulald\u00ad\u00fdan mik\u00adros\u00adkop\u00adla\u00adry \u00f6n\u00add\u00fcr\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Le\u00adwen\u00adguk \u00f6z mik\u00adros\u00adko\u00adpy ar\u00adka\u00adly g\u00f6\u00adren mik\u00adro\u00ador\u00adga\u00adnizm\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 jan\u00adly\u00addy\u00adgy\u00adna ha\u00fd\u00adran gal\u00ad\u00fdar. Iki asyr ge\u00ad\u00e7en\u00adden so\u0148\u00adra fransi\u00fdaly Lui Pas\u00adter bak\u00adte\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda\u00adla\u00adry \u00fda\u00adkyn\u00addan \u00f6w\u00adren\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r we mik\u00adro\u00ador\u00adga\u00adnizm\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 ke\u00adsel\u00adle\u00adre se\u00adb\u00e4p bo\u00adlup bil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n\u00addi\u00adgi\u00adni \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7y\u00adkar\u00ad\u00fdar.<br \/>\nH\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki wagt\u00adda gi\u0148\u00adden ula\u00adnyl\u00ad\u00fdan mik\u00adros\u00adkop\u00adlar 1000-2000 es\u00adse ulal\u00addyp g\u00f6r\u00adkez\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Op\u00adti\u00adki mik\u00adros\u00adkop\u00adlar\u00addan ba\u015f\u00adga-da d\u00fcr\u00adli a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn\u00adly\u00adgy bo\u00adlan \u00fd\u00f6\u00adri\u00adte\u00adle\u015f\u00addi\u00adri\u00adlen mik\u00adros\u00adkop\u00adlar hem bar.<br \/>\nIl\u00adkin\u00adji elekt\u00adron mik\u00adros\u00adkop 1930-njy \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda ne\u00admes fi\u00adzi\u00adgi Ernst Rus\u00adka ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00addan i\u015f\u00adle\u00adnip ta\u00fd\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. H\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki wagt\u00adda bu en\u00adjam\u00adlar bir mil\u00adli\u00admet\u00adri\u0148 d\u00f6rt mil\u00adli\u00adon\u00addan bi\u00adri\u00adni anyk\u00adlap bil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kim, ha\u00ad\u00e7an o\u00fd\u00adlap tap\u00addy? Il\u00adkin\u00adji op\u00adti\u00adki mik\u00adros\u00adko\u00adpy ni\u00adder\u00adland\u00ad\u00adly \u00e4\u00fd\u00adnek \u00f6n\u00add\u00fc\u00adri\u00adji Hans \u00ddan\u00adsen hem-de onu\u0148 og\u00adly Za\u00adha\u00adri\u00adas o\u00fd\u00adlap tap\u00ad\u00fdar. Mik\u00adros\u00adkop g\u00f6z bi\u00adlen g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fcp bol\u00adma\u00adjak de\u00adre\u00adje\u00add\u00e4ki ki\u00ad\u00e7i zat\u00adla\u00adry \u2013 wi\u00adrus\u00adla\u00adry, bak\u00adte\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda\u00adla\u00adry, \u00f6\u00fd\u00adj\u00fck\u00adle\u00adri, atom\u00adla\u00adry we be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki zat\u00adla\u00adry has anyk g\u00f6r\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ge\u00adli\u0148, mik\u00adro d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adni has a\u00fd\u00addy\u0148 g\u00f6r\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n mik\u00adros\u00adko\u00adpy\u0148 a\u00e7y\u00ad\u015fy ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adra \u00fda\u00adkyn\u00addan se\u00adre\u00adde\u00adli\u0148! Mundan bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39015"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39015"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39015\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/39016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}