T\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adny be\u00adze\u00adme\u00adgi\u0148 d\u00e4p-des\u00adsur\u00adla\u00adry il\u00adki Ger\u00adma\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7y\u00adkyp, so\u0148\u00adra be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adra ara\u00adla\u015f\u00ad\u00fdar. Mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adra g\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4, ar\u00ad\u00e7a be\u00adze\u00adme\u00adgi\u0148 d\u00e4p\u00adle\u00adri ne\u00admes re\u00adfor\u00adma\u00adto\u00adry Mar\u00adtin L\u00fdu\u00adter (1483-1546) ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00addan ba\u00ad\u015fy ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. Mar\u00adtin L\u00fdu\u00adter 1513-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda Ro\u017e\u00addest\u00adwo ba\u00fd\u00adram\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adly\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6\u0148 \u00fda\u00adnyn\u00adda ag\u00ad\u015fam \u00e7a\u00adgy \u00f6\u00fd\u00fc\u00adne gel\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adk\u00e4 as\u00adman gi\u00ad\u0148i\u015f\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni tu\u00adtup du\u00adran g\u00fcr \u00fdyl\u00addyz\u00adlar top\u00adlu\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 g\u00f6\u00adzel\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adne ha\u00fd\u00adran gal\u00ad\u00fdar. \u015eol gi\u00adje hat\u00adda \u00fdag\u00adty \u00fdyl\u00addyz\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u00f6w\u00fc\u015f\u00adgin\u00adle\u00adri ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 i\u0148\u00ad\u0148e\u00adpi\u00adsint \u00fdap\u00adrak\u00adla\u00adra hem d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fcp, \u015f\u00f6h\u00adle\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ol \u00f6\u00fd\u00fc\u00adne ge\u00adlen\u00adso\u0148, i\u015f sto\u00adlu\u00adny\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fcn\u00adde ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adjyk go\u00ad\u00fdup, ony \u015fem\u00adler bi\u00adlen be\u00adze\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Onu\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fcn\u00adde bol\u00adsa, Wif\u00adle\u00ad\u00fdem \u00fdyl\u00addy\u00adzy\u00adny \u00fdat\u00adlat\u00ad\u00fdan \u00fdyl\u00addyz\u00adjy\u00adgy ber\u00adkid\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\n\u015ee\u00ad\u00fde hem, XVI asyr\u00adda Mer\u00adke\u00adzi \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adda T\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl gi\u00adje\u00adsi sto\u00adlu\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fcn\u00adde ba\u00adla ga\u00fd\u00adna\u00addy\u00adlan al\u00adma, ga\u00adra\u00adly, ar\u00admyt we hoz bi\u00adlen be\u00adze\u00adlen ki\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adjik buk aga\u00adjy go\u00fd\u00adlup\u00addyr. XVII asy\u00adry\u0148 ikin\u00adji \u00fda\u00adry\u00admyn\u00adda ne\u00admes we \u015fwe\u00fd\u00adsar ma\u015f\u00adga\u00adla\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda t\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl sup\u00adra\u00adsyn\u00adda i\u0148\u00ad\u0148e p\u00fcr\u00adli aga\u00e7\u00adla\u00adry go\u00fd\u00admak d\u00e4p\u00adle\u00adri gi\u0148\u00adden \u00fda\u00fd\u00adrap ug\u00adra\u00ad\u00fdar. Il\u00adki-il\u00adki\u00adler ki\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adjik ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adjyk\u00adlar d\u00fcr\u00adli kem\u00adput\u00addyr al\u00adma\u00adjyk\u00adlar bi\u00adlen be\u00adze\u00adlip\u00addir, asy\u00adlyp\u00addyr, so\u0148-so\u0148\u00adlar bol\u00adsa, uly ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adny be\u00adze\u00admek d\u00e4p\u00adle\u00adri \u00fdo\u00adla go\u00fd\u00adlup\u00addyr.
\nXIX asy\u00adry\u0148 ba\u015f\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna \u00e7en\u00adli ar\u00ad\u00e7a be\u00adze\u00admek d\u00e4p\u00adle\u00adri \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adny\u0148 be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna hem ara\u00adla\u00ad\u015fyp ug\u00adra\u00ad\u00fdar. \u015ewe\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda il\u00adkin\u00adji t\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adny\u0148 XVIII asyr\u00adda, Finl\u00ad\u00fdan\u00addi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda 1800-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda, Da\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda \u2013 1810-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda, Nor\u00adwe\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda \u2013 1828-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda di\u00adkel\u00addi\u00adlen\u00addi\u00adgi ba\u00adra\u00adda mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adlar bar. Bel\u00adgi\u00ad\u00fda we Ni\u00adder\u00adland\u00adlar\u00adda bol\u00adsa, ar\u00ad\u00e7a aga\u00adjy di\u00ad\u0148e XIX asy\u00adry\u0148 or\u00adta\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nPa\u00adri\u017e\u00adde il\u00adkin\u00adji t\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy 1840-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda Ko\u00adrol Lui Fi\u00adlip\u00adpi\u0148 k\u00f6\u015f\u00adg\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 \u00f6\u0148\u00fcn\u00adde pe\u00fd\u00adda pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00ad\u00fdar. Bu wa\u00adka\u00adny\u0148 esa\u00adsy se\u00adb\u00e4p\u00adk\u00e4\u00adri ko\u00adro\u00adly\u0148 a\u00fda\u00adly, as\u00adly ger\u00adma\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda\u00adly \u00dde\u00adle\u00adna Or\u00adleans\u00adka\u00ad\u00fda bol\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nAng\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda il\u00adkin\u00adji T\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy 1841-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda Ko\u00adrol ze\u00adnan Wik\u00adto\u00adri\u00ad\u00fda, ger\u00adma\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda\u00adly Al\u00adbert Sak\u00adsen-Ko\u00adbur\u00adga dur\u00admu\u00ad\u015fa \u00e7y\u00adkan\u00adda Wind\u00adsor k\u00f6\u015f\u00adg\u00fcn\u00adde pe\u00fd\u00adda bol\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nT\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy ger\u00adma\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda\u00adly mig\u00adrant\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 gol\u00adda\u00adwy bi\u00adlen Ame\u00adri\u00adka el\u00adtil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Il\u00adki ony \u015fem\u00adler, mi\u00adwe\u00adler, s\u00fc\u00fd\u00adj\u00fc\u00adlik\u00adler bi\u00adlen be\u00adz\u00e4n bol\u00adsa\u00adlar, so\u00ad\u0148a\u00adba\u00adka ony mum\u00addan, pa\u00admyk\u00addan, kar\u00adton\u00addan we a\u00fd\u00adna\u00addan \u00fda\u00adsa\u00adlan d\u00fcr\u00adli j\u00e4\u00adje\u00adjik\u00adler bi\u00adlen be\u00adz\u00e4p\u00addir\u00adler.
\nRus\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda T\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adny be\u00adze\u00adme\u00adgi\u0148 d\u00e4p\u00adle\u00adri P\u00fdotr I \u00fdar\u00adda\u00admy bi\u00adlen \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7yk\u00ad\u00fdar. Ol \u00fda\u015f\u00adlyk \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda Ger\u00adma\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda Ro\u017e\u00addest\u00adwo ba\u00fd\u00adram\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adly\u00adgyn\u00adda bo\u00adlan\u00adda, al\u00adma we kem\u00adput bi\u00adlen be\u00adze\u00adlen ar\u00ad\u00e7a aga\u00e7\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna ge\u0148 ga\u00adlyp se\u00adre\u00addip\u00addir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u015f onu\u0148 g\u00f6w\u00adn\u00fc\u00adni g\u00f6\u00adte\u00adrip\u00addir. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde, P\u00fdotr I tag\u00adta \u00e7y\u00adkan\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adda\u00adky \u00fda\u00adly T\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ba\u00fd\u00adram\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adly\u00adgy\u00adny bel\u00adle\u00admek ha\u00adkyn\u00adda 1699-njy \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 20-nji de\u00adkab\u00adryn\u00adda per\u00adman \u00e7y\u00adkar\u00ad\u00fdar. \u00dd\u00f6\u00adne Rus\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda t\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdy\u00adly ala\u00admat\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00ad\u00fdan ar\u00ad\u00e7a bir asyr so\u0148\u00adra XIX asy\u00adry\u0148 40-njy \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda gi\u0148\u00adden or\u00adna\u00ad\u015fyp ug\u00adra\u00ad\u00fdar.
\n1817-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda Ni\u00adko\u00adla\u00fd I Paw\u00adlo\u00adwi\u00e7 prus \u015fa\u00adza\u00adda\u00adsy Lui\u00adza \u015ear\u00adlot\u00adta \u00f6\u00fd\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ea\u00adza\u00adda ze\u00adnan t\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl zy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adpa\u00adtyn\u00adda ar\u00ad\u00e7a aga\u00adjy\u00adny go\u00fd\u00adma\u00adgy\u0148 d\u00e4p\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni tek\u00adlip ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde, 1819-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda Ni\u00adko\u00adla\u00fd I a\u00fda\u00adly\u00adny\u0148 ha\u00ad\u00fdy\u00ad\u015fy bi\u00adlen il\u00adkin\u00adji ge\u00adzek Sankt-Pe\u00adter\u00adburg\u00adda\u00adky Ani\u00e7\u00adkow k\u00f6\u015f\u00adg\u00fcn\u00adde t\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adny di\u00adkeld\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. 1852-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda bol\u00adsa, \u00dde\u00adka\u00adte\u00adri\u00adna \u015fa\u00ad\u00fdo\u00adlun\u00adda il\u00adkin\u00adji ge\u00adzek k\u00f6p\u00ad\u00e7\u00fc\u00adlik \u00fc\u00e7in ni\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adnen t\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy di\u00adkel\u00addil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle\u00adlik\u00adde, \u015f\u00e4\u00adher\u00adler\u00adde ar\u00ad\u00e7a bo\u00adlan is\u00adleg\u00adler ar\u00adtyp ug\u00adra\u00ad\u00fdar. Bi\u00adrin\u00adji ja\u00adhan ur\u00ad\u015fy \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda ar\u00ad\u00e7a be\u00adze\u00adme\u00adgi\u0148 d\u00e4p\u00adle\u00adri do\u00adwam et\u00addi\u00adril\u00adm\u00e4n\u00addir.
\nOzal\u00adky so\u00adwet h\u00e4\u00adki\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti \u00fdyl\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda il\u00adkin\u00adji k\u00f6p\u00ad\u00e7\u00fc\u00adli\u00adge ni\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adnen ar\u00ad\u00e7a 1917-nji \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 31-nji de\u00adkab\u00adryn\u00adda Sankt-Pe\u00adter\u00adburg\u00adda otur\u00addyl\u00ad\u00fdar. 1938-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda bol\u00adsa, Mosk\u00adwa\u00adda 10 m\u00fc\u0148\u00adden gow\u00adrak o\u00fdun\u00adjak bi\u00adlen be\u00adze\u00adlen \u00fdur\u00addu\u0148 15 metr\u00adlik ba\u015f ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy di\u00adkel\u00addi\u00adlip, bu d\u00e4p h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki g\u00fcn\u00adle\u00adre \u00e7en\u00adli do\u00adwam et\u00addi\u00adril\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nH\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki wagt\u00adda d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00adde T\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adny be\u00adze\u00adme\u00adgi\u0148 bir\u00adgi\u00adden usul\u00adla\u00adry bar. Ola\u00adry\u0148 has gi\u0148\u00adden \u00fda\u00fd\u00adra\u00adny bol\u00adsa, ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adla\u00adry d\u00fcr\u00adli j\u00e4\u00adje\u00adjik\u00adler, \u00e7y\u00adra\u00adjyk\u00adlar we zer\u00adli sa\u00adpak\u00adlar bi\u00adlen be\u00adzel\u00adme\u00adgi\u00addir. Ge\u00ad\u00e7en \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 k\u00f6\u00adp\u00fc\u00adsin\u00adde te\u00adbi\u00adgy ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adlar eme\u00adli ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adlar \u00e7al\u00ad\u015fy\u00adlyp, ola\u00adry\u0148 k\u00e4\u00adbi\u00adri ha\u00adky\u00adky ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00addan on\u00ad\u00e7ak\u00adly ta\u00adpa\u00adwut et\u00adme\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. G\u00fcn\u00addo\u00adgar ka\u00adlen\u00adda\u00adry bo\u00ad\u00fdun\u00ad\u00e7a 2023-nji \u00fdyl tow\u00ad\u015fan \u00fdyl\u00addy\u00addyr. \u015eo\u00ad\u0148a g\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4 k\u00e4\u00adbir \u00fdurt\u00adlar\u00adda t\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adny ak, \u00e7al, k\u00fc\u00adm\u00fc\u015f\u00adpi\u00adsint re\u0148k\u00adli be\u00adzeg\u00adler bi\u00adlen be\u00adze\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler.<\/p>\n
Ogul\u00adjen\u00adnet Mu\u00adham\u00adme\u00addo\u00adwa, T\u00fcrk\u00admen d\u00f6w\u00adlet be\u00adden\u00adter\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fde we sport ins\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adty\u00adny\u0148 ta\u00adly\u00adby.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00e4\u00adze \u00fdyl ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adsy\u00adny be\u00adze\u00adme\u00adgi\u0148 d\u00e4p-des\u00adsur\u00adla\u00adry il\u00adki Ger\u00adma\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda\u00adda \u00fd\u00fc\u00adze \u00e7y\u00adkyp, so\u0148\u00adra be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki \u00fdurt\u00adla\u00adra ara\u00adla\u015f\u00ad\u00fdar. Mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adra g\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4, ar\u00ad\u00e7a be\u00adze\u00adme\u00adgi\u0148 d\u00e4p\u00adle\u00adri ne\u00admes re\u00adfor\u00adma\u00adto\u00adry Mar\u00adtin L\u00fdu\u00adter (1483-1546) ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00addan ba\u00ad\u015fy ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. Mar\u00adtin L\u00fdu\u00adter 1513-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda Ro\u017e\u00addest\u00adwo ba\u00fd\u00adram\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adly\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6\u0148 \u00fda\u00adnyn\u00adda ag\u00ad\u015fam \u00e7a\u00adgy \u00f6\u00fd\u00fc\u00adne gel\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adk\u00e4 as\u00adman gi\u00ad\u0148i\u015f\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni tu\u00adtup du\u00adran g\u00fcr \u00fdyl\u00addyz\u00adlar top\u00adlu\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 g\u00f6\u00adzel\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adne ha\u00fd\u00adran gal\u00ad\u00fdar. \u015eol gi\u00adje hat\u00adda \u00fdag\u00adty \u00fdyl\u00addyz\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u00f6w\u00fc\u015f\u00adgin\u00adle\u00adri ar\u00ad\u00e7a\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":70415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[301],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70414"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70414"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70416,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70414\/revisions\/70416"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/70415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}