Adam\u00adlar k\u00f6p\u00adlen\u00e7 sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk ba\u00adra\u00adda pi\u00adkir eden\u00adle\u00adrin\u00adde owa\u00addan bi\u00adna\u00adla\u00adry, se\u00ad\u00fdil\u00adg\u00e4h\u00adle\u00adri, te\u00adbi\u00adgat\u00adda\u00adky aja\u00ad\u00fdyp \u00fder\u00adle\u00adri g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fc\u00adne ge\u00adtir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle-de bol\u00adsa, t\u00e4 ir\u00adki d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adler\u00adden h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki g\u00fcn\u00adle\u00adre \u00e7en\u00adli gur\u00adlan t\u00e4\u00adsin in\u00ad\u017ee\u00adner\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik des\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry hem sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry \u00f6z\u00fc\u00adne \u00e7ek\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Be\u00ad\u00fdik Hy\u00adta\u00fd di\u00adwa\u00adry, Gi\u00adza pi\u00adra\u00admi\u00adda\u00adla\u00adry \u00fda\u00adly t\u00e4\u00adsin des\u00adga\u00adlar bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e asyr\u00addan b\u00e4\u00adri sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ge\u00adlim-gi\u00addim\u00adli \u00fde\u00adri bol\u00adma\u00adgyn\u00adda gal\u00ad\u00fdar. Adam\u00adzat ze\u00adhi\u00adni\u00adni\u0148, d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adji\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148 we ba\u00ad\u015far\u00adny\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6s\u00adme\u00adgi has \u00e7yl\u00ad\u015fy\u00adrym\u00adly tas\u00adla\u00adma\u00adla\u00adry dur\u00admu\u00ad\u015fa ge\u00ad\u00e7ir\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ber\u00addi. Ga\u00adze\u00adti\u00admi\u00adzi\u0148 \u015fu sa\u00adnyn\u00adda si\u00adzi d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4\u00add\u00e4\u00adki t\u00e4\u00adsin in\u00ad\u017ee\u00adner\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik des\u00adga\u00ad\u00adsy ha\u00adsap\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdan, \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adny\u0148 gu\u00adry \u00fder b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi bi\u00adlen Ang\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny bi\u00adrik\u00addir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u00ab\u00ddew\u00adro\u00adtun\u00adnel\u00bb su\u00adwas\u00adty ge\u00ad\u00e7el\u00adge\u00adsi bi\u00adlen ta\u00adny\u015f\u00addyr\u00adma\u00adgy ma\u00adkul bil\u00addik.
\nBu de\u00admir \u00fdol \u00f6t\u00fc\u00adgi \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adny\u0148 gu\u00adry \u00fder b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi\u00adni Man\u015f bo\u00adga\u00adzy\u00adny\u0148 (I\u0148\u00adlis ka\u00adna\u00adly hem di\u00ad\u00fdil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r) a\u015fa\u00adgyn\u00addan Ang\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda bi\u00adlen bir\u00adle\u015f\u00addir\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge m\u00fcm\u00adkin\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u00ddo\u00adlag\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlar bu \u00fdol ar\u00adka\u00adly uzak\u00adly\u00adgy 470 ki\u00adlo\u00admetr\u00adden gow\u00adrak bo\u00adlan Pa\u00adri\u017e\u00adden Lon\u00addo\u00adna ba\u00adry-\u00fdo\u00adgy iki sa\u00adgat\u00addan gow\u00adrak wagt\u00adda ba\u00adryp bil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. Su\u00adwas\u00adty ge\u00ad\u00e7el\u00adg\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 uzyn\u00adly\u00adgy 50 ki\u00adlo\u00admetr\u00adden gow\u00adrak bo\u00adlup, su\u00adwu\u0148 a\u015fa\u00adgyn\u00addan ge\u00e7\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148 uzyn\u00adly\u00adgy 38 ki\u00adlo\u00admet\u00adre \u00fdet\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Be\u00adton\u00addan gur\u00adlan \u00fc\u00e7 tun\u00adnel\u00adden yba\u00adrat bo\u00adlan ge\u00ad\u00e7el\u00adg\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 bi\u00adrin\u00adji we ikin\u00adji tun\u00adne\u00adlin\u00adde gat\u00adnaw ama\u00adla a\u015fy\u00adry\u00adlyp, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00adji b\u00f6\u00adle\u00adgi howp\u00adsuz\u00adlyk hem-de ge\u00ad\u00e7el\u00adg\u00e4\u00adni\u0148 teh\u00adni\u00adki g\u00f6\u00adzeg\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni ama\u00adla a\u015fyr\u00adma\u00adga ni\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adnip\u00addir. Tun\u00adnel\u00adde 160 ki\u00adlo\u00admetr sa\u00adgat tiz\u00adlik bi\u00adlen he\u00adre\u00adket ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fdo\u00adlag\u00ad\u00e7y we \u00fd\u00fck ot\u00adlu\u00adla\u00adry \u00fde\u00adri\u0148 75 metr a\u015fa\u00adgyn\u00addan ba\u00adry-\u00fdo\u00adgy 35 mi\u00adnut\u00adda tun\u00adne\u00adli ke\u00adsip ge\u00e7\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nAng\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda bi\u00adlen Fran\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny bir\u00adle\u015f\u00addir\u00admek ba\u00adra\u00adda\u00adky pi\u00adkir has ir\u00adki d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adler\u00adde, XIX asy\u00adry\u0148 ba\u015f\u00adla\u00adryn\u00adda or\u00adta aty\u00adlyp\u00addyr. 1802-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda fran\u00adsuz in\u00ad\u017ee\u00adne\u00adri Al\u00adbert Mat\u00ad\u00fde en\u00adtek aw\u00adtou\u00adla\u00adgy\u0148 we ot\u00adly\u00adny\u0148 o\u00fd\u00adla\u00adnyp ta\u00adpyl\u00adma\u00addyk d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcn\u00adde tun\u00adne\u00adli\u0148 tas\u00adla\u00adma\u00adsy\u00adny h\u00f6\u00add\u00fcr\u00adle\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Onu\u0148 tas\u00adla\u00adma\u00adsy\u00adna g\u00f6\u00adr\u00e4, de\u0148\u00adzi\u0148 a\u015fa\u00adgyn\u00addan at ara\u00adba\u00adla\u00adry we be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki ulag\u00adlar \u00fc\u00e7in \u00fde\u00adras\u00adty ge\u00ad\u00e7el\u00adge gu\u00adrul\u00adma\u00adly\u00addy. Bel\u00adli ara\u00adlyk\u00adlar\u00adda bol\u00adsa ujy suw\u00addan \u00fdo\u00adkar\u00adda bo\u00adlan \u00abt\u00fcs\u00adse\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adkar\u00adlar\u00bb go\u00fd\u00adlup, ge\u00ad\u00e7el\u00adge aras\u00adsa ho\u00adwa bi\u00adlen \u00fcp\u00adj\u00fcn edil\u00adme\u00adli\u00addi. Tun\u00adnel \u015fem\u00adler bi\u00adlen \u00fdag\u00adty\u00adlan\u00addy\u00adryl\u00adma\u00adly\u00addy. Bu tas\u00adla\u00adma\u00adny dur\u00admu\u00ad\u015fa ge\u00ad\u00e7ir\u00admek \u00fc\u00e7in \u00abChan\u00adnel Tun\u00adnel Com\u00adpa\u00adny\u00bb at\u00adly kom\u00adpa\u00adni\u00ad\u00fda d\u00fcr\u00adli sy\u00adnag\u00adla\u00adry ge\u00ad\u00e7ir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\n1856-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda To\u00adme de Ga\u00admond at\u00adly ba\u015f\u00adga bir fran\u00adsuz in\u00ad\u017ee\u00adne\u00adri de\u00admir\u00ad \u00fdol ge\u00ad\u00e7el\u00adge\u00adsi\u00adni gur\u00adma\u00adgy tek\u00adlip ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu tek\u00adli\u00adbi fran\u00adsuz\u00adlar o\u0148\u00adla\u00adsa-da, i\u0148\u00adlis\u00adle\u00adr ikir\u00adji\u0148\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. 1872-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda Ga\u00admond bu me\u00adse\u00adl\u00e4\u00adni i\u0148\u00adlis in\u00ad\u017ee\u00adne\u00adri Pe\u00adter Bar\u00adlow bi\u00adlen mas\u00adla\u00adhat\u00adla\u015f\u00ad\u00fdar. Ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adde, bu tek\u00adlip iki \u00fdur\u00addu\u0148 par\u00adla\u00admen\u00adtin\u00adde ka\u00adbul edil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\n1881-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda de\u0148\u00adzi\u0148 iki \u00fda\u00adka\u00adsyn\u00adda geo\u00adlo\u00adgik bar\u00adlag\u00adlar ge\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adri\u00adlip ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. 1883-nji \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 mart a\u00fdy\u00adna \u00e7en\u00adli Ang\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00adda Duwr \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adrin\u00adde 2026 metr, Fran\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fda ta\u00adra\u00adpyn\u00adda San\u00adgatt \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adrin\u00adde 1829 metr tun\u00adnel ga\u00adzyl\u00ad\u00fdar. \u015eon\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra tas\u00adla\u00adma tog\u00adta\u00addyl\u00ad\u00fdar. 1922-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda Ang\u00adli\u00ad\u00fda\u00adny\u0148 Folk\u00adston \u015f\u00e4\u00adhe\u00adrin\u00adden a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn tun\u00adnel ga\u00adzy\u00adlyp ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. Em\u00adma bu ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00adgy\u00e7 hem uza\u00adga \u00e7ek\u00adme\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nGe\u00ad\u00e7en asy\u00adry\u0148 ikin\u00adji \u00fda\u00adry\u00admyn\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra tun\u00adnel gur\u00admak tek\u00adli\u00adbi ga\u00fd\u00adta\u00addan or\u00adta atyl\u00ad\u00fdar. 1957-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda yl\u00admy-bar\u00adlag to\u00adpa\u00adry d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r we 1960-njy \u00fdyl\u00adda ta\u00fd\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adla\u00adnan mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adda iki esa\u00adsy hem-de ola\u00adry\u0148 ara\u00adsyn\u00adda hyz\u00admat edi\u015f tun\u00adne\u00adli\u00adni\u0148 gu\u00adrul\u00adma\u00adgy tek\u00adlip edil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu tas\u00adla\u00adma tas\u00adsyk\u00adla\u00adnyp, 1973-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda gur\u00adlu\u00ad\u015fy\u00adgy\u00adna ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. Iki \u00fdyl\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra uzyn\u00adly\u00adgy 250 metr bo\u00adlan sy\u00adnag tun\u00adne\u00adli gur\u00adlan\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra ma\u00adli\u00ad\u00fde \u00fdet\u00admez\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adli\u00adgi se\u00adb\u00e4p\u00adli tas\u00adla\u00adma tog\u00adta\u00addyl\u00ad\u00fdar.
\n1988-nji \u00fdyl\u00adda ag\u00adra\u00admy 1 m\u00fc\u0148 100 ton\u00adna bo\u00adlan k\u00e4\u00admil tun\u00adnel ga\u00adzy\u00adjy ma\u00ad\u015fyn ar\u00adka\u00adly tas\u00adla\u00adma\u00adny\u0148 gur\u00adlu\u00ad\u015fy\u00adgy\u00adna ba\u015f\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar. I\u0148\u00adlis ka\u00adna\u00adly\u00adny\u0148 d\u00fc\u00fd\u00adb\u00fcn\u00adden ge\u00e7\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n bu tun\u00adnel d\u00f6w\u00adr\u00fc\u00adni\u0148 i\u0148 gym\u00admat tas\u00adla\u00adma\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adri bo\u00adlup, in\u00ad\u017ee\u00adner\u00adler bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e kyn\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk\u00adla\u00adry ba\u015f\u00addan ge\u00ad\u00e7ir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. D\u00fcr\u00adli \u00fdyl\u00adlar\u00adda bu ka\u00adna\u00adly\u0148 \u00fcs\u00adt\u00fcn\u00adden as\u00adma k\u00f6p\u00adri gur\u00admak hem tek\u00adlip edil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Em\u00adma tun\u00adne\u00adli\u0148 gu\u00adrul\u00adma\u00adgy bi\u00adlen bu tas\u00adla\u00adma do\u00adlu\u00adly\u00adgy\u00adna \u00fda\u00adty\u00adryl\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nBu tas\u00adla\u00adma \u00f6r\u00e4n \u00e7yl\u00ad\u015fy\u00adrym\u00adly bo\u00adlup, al\u00adty \u00fdyl\u00addan so\u0148\u00adra – 1994-nji \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 ma\u00fd a\u00fdyn\u00adda a\u00e7yl\u00ad\u00fdar. Tas\u00adla\u00adma\u00adny\u0148 ba\u00adha\u00adsy h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki h\u00fcm\u00admet ha\u00adsa\u00adba al\u00adnan\u00adda, 17 mil\u00adliard dol\u00adlar bo\u00adlup\u00addyr. Bu tun\u00adne\u00adli\u0148 ge\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adri\u00adji\u00adlik uky\u00adby \u00e7\u00e4k\u00adli bo\u00adlup, h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adlik\u00ad\u00e7e ikin\u00adji ge\u00ad\u00e7el\u00adg\u00e4\u00adni gur\u00admak ba\u00adra\u00adda tas\u00adla\u00adma \u00fdok. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle bo\u00adlan\u00adso\u0148, ot\u00adly gat\u00adna\u00adwy\u00adny\u0148 art\u00addy\u00adryl\u00adma\u00adgy \u00fc\u00e7in t\u00e4\u00adze \u00e7\u00f6z\u00adg\u00fct\u00adler ta\u00fd\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdar.
\nTun\u00adnel\u00adde \u00fdo\u00adlag\u00ad\u00e7y ot\u00adlu\u00adla\u00adry bi\u00adlen bir ha\u00adtar\u00adda d\u00fcr\u00adli ulu\u00adlyk\u00adda\u00adky ulag\u00adla\u00adry gat\u00adnad\u00ad\u00fdan \u00fd\u00f6\u00adri\u00adte ot\u00adlu\u00adlar hem he\u00adre\u00adket ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle hem azyk, elekt\u00adron en\u00adjam\u00adlar we d\u00fcr\u00adli g\u00f6r\u00adn\u00fc\u015f\u00adli be\u00fd\u00adle\u00adki ha\u00adryt\u00adlar da\u00ad\u015fal\u00ad\u00fdar. Tun\u00adne\u00adle su\u00adwu\u0148 syz\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 we \u00e7yg\u00adly\u00adly\u00adgy\u0148 art\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6\u0148\u00fc\u00adni al\u00admak \u00fc\u00e7in yzy\u00adgi\u00adder\u00adli g\u00f6\u00adzeg\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik edil\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Tun\u00adnel\u00adde gat\u00adna\u00adwy\u0148 art\u00addy\u00adryl\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 \u00ddew\u00adro\u00adpa\u00adny\u0148 yk\u00addy\u00adsa\u00addy\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adne has k\u00f6p go\u00ad\u015fant go\u015f\u00adma\u00adgy\u00adna ga\u00adra\u00ad\u015fyl\u00ad\u00fdar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Adam\u00adlar k\u00f6p\u00adlen\u00e7 sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk ba\u00adra\u00adda pi\u00adkir eden\u00adle\u00adrin\u00adde owa\u00addan bi\u00adna\u00adla\u00adry, se\u00ad\u00fdil\u00adg\u00e4h\u00adle\u00adri, te\u00adbi\u00adgat\u00adda\u00adky aja\u00ad\u00fdyp \u00fder\u00adle\u00adri g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fc\u00adne ge\u00adtir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r\u00adler. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle-de bol\u00adsa, t\u00e4 ir\u00adki d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adler\u00adden h\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki g\u00fcn\u00adle\u00adre \u00e7en\u00adli gur\u00adlan t\u00e4\u00adsin in\u00ad\u017ee\u00adner\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik des\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry hem sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry \u00f6z\u00fc\u00adne \u00e7ek\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Be\u00ad\u00fdik Hy\u00adta\u00fd di\u00adwa\u00adry, Gi\u00adza pi\u00adra\u00admi\u00adda\u00adla\u00adry \u00fda\u00adly t\u00e4\u00adsin des\u00adga\u00adlar bir\u00adn\u00e4\u00ad\u00e7e asyr\u00addan b\u00e4\u00adri sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ge\u00adlim-gi\u00addim\u00adli \u00fde\u00adri bol\u00adma\u00adgyn\u00adda gal\u00ad\u00fdar. Adam\u00adzat ze\u00adhi\u00adni\u00adni\u0148, d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adji\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148 we ba\u00ad\u015far\u00adny\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6s\u00adme\u00adgi has \u00e7yl\u00ad\u015fy\u00adrym\u00adly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":79800,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[301],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79798"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79798"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79798\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79801,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79798\/revisions\/79801"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media\/79800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/%77%70%2d%6a%73%6f%6e\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}