Gruzin edebi\u00fdaty \u00f6z k\u00f6klerini asyrlary\u0148 j\u00fcmm\u00fc\u015finden alyp ga\u00fdd\u00fdar. Ba\u00fd arheologik materiallary bolsa-da, hristianlyk d\u00f6wr\u00fcne \u00e7enli \u00fdazuw \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerini\u0148 bolmazlygy, bu d\u00f6wr\u00fc\u0148 kitap medeni\u00fdeti barada pikir \u00fd\u00f6retm\u00e4ge m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik berme\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fdle hem ba\u015fga dillerde \u00fdazylan, esasan hem grek dilinde \u00fdazylan \u00fdazuw \u00e7e\u015fmelerini\u0148 bolmagy Gruzi\u00fdada hristianlyk d\u00f6wr\u00fcne \u00e7enli hem adaty d\u00f6wlet gurlu\u015fyny\u0148, \u00f6sen medeni\u00fdetini\u0148 bolandygyna g\u00fcw\u00e4 ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nGruzin edebi\u00fdatyny\u0148 \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fi IV asyry\u0148 ba\u015flarynda d\u00f6wlet dini di\u00fdlip yglan edilen hristianlygy\u0148 kabul edilmegi bilen m\u00e4k\u00e4m baglany\u015fyklydyr. Orta asyrlary\u0148 irki d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerinden (X-XI asyrlar) bizi\u0148 g\u00fcnlerimize \u00e7enli gelip \u00fdeten gruzin edebi \u00fdadyg\u00e4rlikleri di\u0148e buthana edebi\u00fdatyna degi\u015fli eserleri\u0148 nusgalaryndan ybaratdyr. 493-nji \u00fdyl di\u00fdlip senelenen Bolnisi ybadathanasyny\u0148 \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fcnd\u00e4ki \u00fdazgy i\u0148 gadymy gruzin edebi \u00fdadyg\u00e4rligi hasaplan\u00fdar. XI asyra \u00e7enli degi\u015fli bolan ilkinji \u00fdazuw \u00fdadyg\u00e4rlikleri, ba\u015fdan-a\u00fdak buthana (hususri) haty bilen \u00fdazylyp, so\u0148ra kem-kemden rys elipbi\u00fdsine (mhedruli) ge\u00e7il\u00fd\u00e4r.
\n1 m\u00fc\u0148 500 \u00fdyldan gowrak d\u00f6wri \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdan gruzin buthanasyny\u0148 d\u00e4p-dessurlary Gruzi\u00fdany\u0148 \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u015fe\u00fdle hem onu\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerind\u0443n da\u015farda Afon (Gresi\u00fda) we Sina\u00fd (M\u00fcs\u00fcr) daglaryny\u0148 buthana merkezlerinde, Palestinada we gadymy Bolgari\u00fdada has jo\u015fgunly edebi eserleri saklapdyr. Me\u015fhur hristian \u00fdazuw \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerini\u0148 \u00e4hlisi di\u00fden \u00fdaly gruzin diline terjime edilipdir. Olary\u0148 k\u00e4birini\u0148 di\u0148e gruzin\u00e7e terjimeleri saklanyp galypdyr. \u015eonu\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7in olary\u0148 hristian medeni\u00fdetini\u0148 taryhyny \u00f6wrenmekde \u00e4girt uly \u00e4hmi\u00fdeti bar. K\u00f6p terjimeler bolsa, terjime\u00e7ileri\u0148 gi\u0148den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndiri\u015fleri bilen berlipdir.
\nButhana edebi\u00fdatyny\u0148 be\u00fdleki ugurlaryny\u0148 arasynda keramatly adamlary\u0148 durmu\u015fyny be\u00fdan ed\u00fd\u00e4n edebi\u00fdat a\u00fdratyn \u00fcnsi \u00e7ek\u00fd\u00e4r. \u00ddakow Husesany\u0148 V asyrlara we Ioann Sabanisdzeni\u0148 VIII asyrlara degi\u015fli bolan eserleri asyl nusgasy bo\u00fdunca has gadymy hasaplan\u00fdar. I\u0425-\u0425 asyrlarda gruzin edebi\u00fdatynda \u201cKeramatly adamlary\u0148 durmu\u015fyny be\u00fdan ed\u00fd\u00e4n\u201d has me\u015fhur \u017eanr bolupdyr. Bu \u017eanry\u0148 nusgalary ozaly bilen 951-nji \u00fdylda Georgi Mer\u00e7ul tarapyndan \u00fdazylan Gruzi\u00fdany\u0148 a\u0148-bilim \u00fda\u00fdradyjy zenanlary Ninony\u0148 we Grigori\u00fda Handztiskini\u0148 \u00f6m\u00fcr be\u00fdany barada \u00fdazylan eserler we be\u00fdlekilerdir.
\nD\u00fcn\u00fdewi edebi\u00fdatyny\u0148 has irki tapgyrlaryna ynsanperwer ylymlary mahsusdyr. \u015eahsy du\u00fdguly we d\u00fcn\u00fdewi ymtyly\u015fly adam \u00ddewropany\u0148 be\u00fdleki hristian halklaryny\u0148 edebi\u00fdatyna garany\u0148da, gruzin edebi\u00fdatynda has ir pe\u00fdda bolupdyr. \u0425-XI asyrlary\u0148 \u00e7\u00e4klerinde ba\u015flan feodal Gruzi\u00fdany\u0148 d\u00f6wletini\u0148 kuwwaty Dawit Stroiteli\u0148 we Tamara Uspe\u015fna\u00fdany\u0148 d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerinde i\u0148 \u00fdokary derej\u00e4 baryp \u00fdet\u00fd\u00e4r. Olary\u0148 milli d\u00f6wletlilik baradaky taglymlaryny\u0148 \u00fda\u00fdramagy \u00e4hli ugurlar babatda Gruzi\u00fdany\u0148 kem-kemden \u00ddakyn G\u00fcndogarda ilkinji orunlary\u0148 birini e\u00fdelem\u00e4ge m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik ber\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nHarby-rysar toparlary we k\u00f6\u015fk han-begleri \u00f6z ide\u00fdalaryny\u0148 jogaplaryny musulman edebi\u00fdatyndan, esasanam, pars edebi\u00fdatyndan tap\u00fdarlar. Bu isleg ilkinji nobatda terjimeler bilen kanagatlandyrylyp, olardan a\u00fdratynam, \u201cWis we Ramin\u201d atly dessan uly \u00e4hmi\u00fdete e\u00fde bol\u00fdar. F\u00e4hreddin Gorganini\u0148 (XI asyr) \u015fygyr bilen pars\u00e7a \u00fdazan \u201cWis we Raminini\u0148\u201d \u015fahyrana terjimesi (XII asyr) uly me\u015fhurlyk gazan\u00fdar. \u015ee\u00fdle hem gahryman\u00e7ylykly eser \u201cAmiran Darejaniani\u201d XII asyry\u0148 ba\u015flarynda Mose Honeli tarapyndan \u00fdazylyp, uly me\u015fhurlyk gazan\u00fdar.
\n\u015eawtelini\u0148, \u00c7uhruhadzeni\u0148 orta asyrlardaky odalary we Rustawelini\u0148 \u015fygry\u00fdet d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4si gruzin edebi\u00fdatyny\u0148 \u201cAltyn asyryna\u201d a\u00fdratyn zynat ber\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu uly s\u00f6z ussatlaryny\u0148 eserlerini\u0148 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcsini\u0148 hem a\u00fdratyn gadyr-gymmaty bolup, olary\u0148 her birisi taryhy-edebi we medeni-jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilik b\u00e4hbitlerini \u00f6\u0148e s\u00fcr\u00fd\u00e4rler.
\nAwtory n\u00e4belli bolan, XI asyrda \u00fdazylan \u201cGruzi\u00fdany\u0148 hronikasy\u201d bolsa, V asydan VI asyra \u00e7enli bolup ge\u00e7en d\u00fcrli wakalary \u00f6z i\u00e7ine al\u00fdar. XIII asyrda e\u00fd\u00fd\u00e4m \u201cGruzi\u00fdany\u0148 durmu\u015fy\u201d (Kartlis Shobreba) atlandyrylan \u00fdyl \u00fdazgylary \u00fdygyndysy d\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fd\u00e4r. XV asyra \u00e7enli bu \u00fdygyndyny\u0148 kem-kemden \u00fcsti doldurylyp, bizi\u0148 g\u00fcnlerimize \u00e7enli gelip \u00fdet\u00fd\u00e4r.
\nMongollary\u0148 d\u00f6wr\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fd\u00fcz \u00fdyllap di\u00fden \u00fdaly dowam eden \u00fcms\u00fcmlikden so\u0148ra, be\u00fdleki ugurlarda bol\u015fy \u00fdaly, gruzin d\u00fcn\u00fdewi edebi\u00fdaty hem XVI asyry\u0148 ba\u015flarynda \u00fda\u0148adandan janlanyp ba\u015fla\u00fdar. Galkyny\u015f d\u00f6wr\u00fcni\u0148 edebi \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerini\u0148 arasynda ozaly bilen terjime edilen eserler has-da \u00fcnsi \u00e7ek\u00fd\u00e4r.
\n\u015ea Te\u00fdmuraz I (1589\u20141663) XVII asyry\u0148 belli \u015fahyrlaryny\u0148 arasynda g\u00f6rn\u00fckli orny e\u00fdele\u00fd\u00e4r. Onu\u0148 \u00fdazan eserleri ondaky uly \u00e7eper d\u00f6redijilik ukybyny \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykar\u00fdar. Ar\u00e7il \u015fa (1647\u20141713) taryhda gruzin \u00e7ap i\u015flerini \u00f6z\u00fcnden so\u0148kulara \u00fdadyg\u00e4rlik galdyr\u00fdar. Onu\u0148 ba\u015flangyjy bilen 1705-nji \u00fdylda Moskwada gruzin \u00e7aphanasy esaslandyryl\u00fdar.
\n\u015ea Wahtang VI (1675-1737) feodal Gruzi\u00fdany\u0148 taryhynda g\u00f6rn\u00fckli orun e\u00fdele\u00fd\u00e4r. Ol Tiflisde (1709) gruzin \u00e7aphanasyny\u0148 esaslandyryjysy we gruzin kanunlaryny d\u00fcz\u00fcjisidir. 1801-1804-nji \u00fdyllarda Gruzi\u00fdany\u0148 Russi\u00fdny\u0148 d\u00fcz\u00fcmine birikmegi bilen \u00fdurdu\u0148 jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilik-sy\u00fdasy we medeni durmu\u015fynda t\u00e4ze d\u00f6w\u00fcr ba\u015flan\u00fdar. \u015eol d\u00f6w\u00fcrlerde Aleksandr \u00c7aw\u00e7awadze (1786\u20141846) we Grigori\u00fd Orbeliani (1800\u20141883) \u00fdaly milli du\u00fdguly \u015fahyrlar \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7yk\u00fdar. Gruzin romantizmini\u0148 i\u0148 uly wekillerini\u0148 biri Nikola\u00fd Barata\u015fwili (1816\u20141845) \u00f6z milli du\u00fdgularyny a\u00fddy\u0148 be\u00fdan ed\u00fd\u00e4r. Gruzin edebi\u00fdaty 1860-njy \u00fdyllarda \u00f6z \u00f6s\u00fc\u015fini\u0148 t\u00e4ze d\u00f6wr\u00fcne ba\u015fla\u00fdar. \u00dda\u015f nesillere Peterburgy\u0148 we Moskwany\u0148 uniwersitetlerinde r\u00f6w\u015fen pikirlileler bilim beripdirler. OLar t\u00e4ze esaslarda gruzin medeni\u00fd\u0443tini \u00fcz\u00fcl-kesil ba\u015fga\u00e7a gurmak bo\u00fdun\u00e7a \u00f6z me\u00fdilnmalaryny amala a\u015fyryp ba\u015flapdyrlar. Bu t\u00e4zeden d\u00f6re\u00fdi\u015f edebi\u00fdata hem birtopar t\u00e4zelikler alyp gelipdir. K\u00f6n\u00e4ni\u0148 we t\u00e4z\u00e4ni\u0148 arasyndaky gapma-gar\u015fylyk, t\u00e4z\u00e4ni\u0148 r\u00fcstem gelmegi bilen tamamlanyp, netijede, jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilik-medeni we edebi\u00fdat me\u00fddanynda t\u00e4ze edebi taglymlar, mowzuklar we t\u00e4zelenen dil pe\u00fdda bol\u00fdar. T\u00e4ze edebi tankyt guralyp, \u017eurnallar tapgyry we be\u00fdleki wagtal-wagtal \u00e7yk\u00fdan ne\u015firler pe\u00fdda bol\u00fdar, d\u00fcrli medeni jemgy\u00fdetler we guramalar esaslandyryl\u00fdar we gi\u0148 okyjylar k\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fcligi kemala gel\u00fd\u00e4r. T\u00e4ze d\u00f6redijilik toparlaryny\u0148 arasyndan bolsa, gruzin edebi\u00fdatyny\u0148 ussat halypalary \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7yk\u00fdar.
\nIl\u00fda Grigorewi\u00e7 \u00c7aw\u00e7awadze (1837\u20141907) uly \u015fahyr, \u00fdazyjy we jemgy\u00fdet\u00e7ilik i\u015fg\u00e4ri bolup XIX asyry\u0148 ikinji \u00fdarymyny\u0148 esasy \u015fahslaryny\u0148 biridir. Akaki\u00fd Sereteli\u00fd (1840\u20141915) Gruzi\u00fdany\u0148 milli ide\u00fdalaryna has \u00e7u\u0148\u0148ur arala\u015fan \u015fahyry, \u00fdazyjysy, akyldary we magaryf\u00e7ylaryny\u0148 biridir. Onu\u0148 \u015fygry\u00fdetde d\u00f6reden \u00e4hli \u00e7eper ke\u015fpleri Gruzi\u00fdany\u0148 ba\u00fd d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4sinden s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u00fdar. Iki d\u00f6wr\u00fc\u0148 sepgidinde \u00fdazyjy Aleksandr Kazbegi (1848\u20141893) \u015fahyr we \u00fdazyjy Wa\u017ea P\u015fawela (1861\u20141915) \u00fdaly belli \u00fdazyjylar bar. Bu \u00fdazyjylary\u0148 esasy mowzugy k\u00f6n\u00e4ni\u0148 we t\u00e4z\u00e4ni\u0148, jemgy\u00fdeti\u0148 we \u015fahsy\u00fdeti\u0148 arasyndaky gatna\u015fyklardan ybarat.
\nGe\u00e7en XX asyr gruzin edebi\u00fdatyna k\u00f6p \u00f6zgeri\u015fler getirdi. \u00dda\u015fuly nesli\u0148 wekilleri bilen bir hatarda t\u00e4ze\u00e7il \u00fdazyjylar pe\u00fdda bolup, olary\u0148 d\u00f6redijiligi arkaly edebi\u00fdatda we sungatda t\u00e4ze \u00f6w\u00fc\u015fginler, \u015fe\u00fdle hem t\u00e4ze \u00fd\u00fcz\u00fdyllygy\u0148 m\u00f6w\u00e7 ur\u00fdan wakalary \u00fditi yz galdyrdy. Miha\u00fdil Jawahi\u015fwili (1880\u20131937) k\u00f6ptarapla\u00fdyn \u00fdazyjy bolup, d\u00fcrli edebi t\u00e4rleri ussatlyk bilen ylanyp bilen s\u00f6z ussadydyr. Grigol Robakidze (1880\u20131962) \u015fahyr, nowella\u00e7y we dramaturg bolup, \u201cG\u00f6k bu\u00fdnuz\u201d edebi bilele\u015figini\u0148 has i\u015fje\u0148 agzalaryny\u0148 biridir. Konstantin Gamsahurdia (1891\u20131975) uly proza\u00e7ysy we roman\u00e7ydyr. Galaktion Tabidze (1891\u20131959) XX asyry\u0148 birinji \u00fdarymyny\u0148 i\u0148 uly \u015fahyrlaryny\u0148 biridir. Onu\u0148 \u015fygry\u00fdetde \u015fahyrana o\u00fd-pikirler \u00fdokary derejede ulanyl\u00fdar. Anna Kalandadze (1924- 2008) 1950-nji \u00fdylda ilkinji \u015fygyrlar \u00fdygyndysy \u00e7ykan badyna, k\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fcligi\u0148 hormatyna mynasyp bol\u00fdar.
\nMurman Lebanidze (1922\u20131997), Muhran Ma\u00e7awariani (1929 – 2010), \u015eota Ni\u015fnianidze (1924\u20131995) dagy \u00fda\u015fuly nesli\u0148 me\u015fhur \u015fahyrlarydyr. K\u00f6p sanly \u00fda\u015f \u00fdazyjylar Ikinji jahan ur\u015funda wepat bol\u00fdar. Bu uru\u015fda Gruzi\u00fda 700 m\u00fc\u0148den gowrak \u00fdigitlerini pida etdi. So\u0148ra N. Dumbadze (1928-1984), G. R\u00e7euli\u015fwili (1934- 1960), R. Inani\u015fwili (1926-1991) \u00fdaly \u00fdazyjy-\u015fahyrlar pe\u00fdda bol\u00fdar. Georgi\u00fd Leonidze (1899-1966) ozal \u015fahyr h\u00f6km\u00fcnde tanalyp, so\u0148ra proza\u00e7y awtor h\u00f6km\u00fcnde \u00f6\u0148e sa\u00fdlan\u00fdar. Otar \u00c7iladze (1933- 2009) \u00f6z me\u00fdilnamasy bo\u00fdun\u00e7a has \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly bolan birn\u00e4\u00e7e roman \u00fdaz\u00fdar. Onu\u0148 eserlerinde realistik we mifologik \u00e4he\u0148ler bir-biri bilen utga\u015f\u00fdar. \u00c7abua Amiredjibi hem (1921- 2013) \u00f6\u0148debaryjy \u00fdazyjylary\u0148 biridir, onu\u0148 \u00fdazan \u201cTuta\u015fhi\u00fdany\u0148 senesi\u201d (1972) uly we \u00e7yl\u015fyrymly roman bolup, onda erbetlik we gowulyk de\u0148e\u015fdirilip, adamy\u0148 \u015fahsy\u00fdeti belent derejede be\u00fdan edil\u00fd\u00e4r.
\n\u015eu g\u00fcnki g\u00fcnde gruzin edebi\u00fdaty d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 edebi\u00fdatyny\u0148 \u00f6\u0148debaryjy a\u00fdratynlyklaryny hem \u00f6zle\u015fdirip, t\u00e4ze edebi \u00f6w\u00fc\u015fginlere e\u00fde boldy.<\/p>\n
Ta\u00fd\u00fdarlan \u00ddegenm\u00e4mmet Ta\u00fdly\u00fdew.<\/strong> Gruzin edebi\u00fdaty \u00f6z k\u00f6klerini asyrlary\u0148 j\u00fcmm\u00fc\u015finden alyp ga\u00fdd\u00fdar. Ba\u00fd arheologik materiallary bolsa-da, hristianlyk d\u00f6wr\u00fcne \u00e7enli \u00fdazuw \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerini\u0148 bolmazlygy, bu d\u00f6wr\u00fc\u0148 kitap medeni\u00fdeti barada pikir \u00fd\u00f6retm\u00e4ge m\u00fcmkin\u00e7ilik berme\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fdle hem ba\u015fga dillerde \u00fdazylan, esasan hem grek dilinde \u00fdazylan \u00fdazuw \u00e7e\u015fmelerini\u0148 bolmagy Gruzi\u00fdada hristianlyk d\u00f6wr\u00fcne \u00e7enli hem adaty d\u00f6wlet gurlu\u015fyny\u0148, \u00f6sen medeni\u00fdetini\u0148 bolandygyna g\u00fcw\u00e4 ge\u00e7\u00fd\u00e4r. Gruzin edebi\u00fdatyny\u0148 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":128826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128825"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=128825"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":128827,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128825\/revisions\/128827"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/128826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=128825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=128825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=128825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\u201cZaman- T\u00fcrkmenistan\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"