{"id":159661,"date":"2026-02-13T17:56:04","date_gmt":"2026-02-13T12:56:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/?p=159661"},"modified":"2026-02-13T17:56:04","modified_gmt":"2026-02-13T12:56:04","slug":"kitap-adamzat-medeniyetinin-cesmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/?p=159661","title":{"rendered":"Kitap \u2013 adamzat medeni\u00fdetini\u0148 \u00e7e\u015fmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u015eu \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 \u00abGa\u00adra\u015f\u00adsyz, ba\u00adky Bi\u00adta\u00adrap T\u00fcrk\u00adme\u00adnis\u00adtan \u2013 be\u00addew bat\u00adly at-my\u00adra\u00addy\u0148 me\u00adka\u00adny\u00bb ady bi\u00adlen yg\u00adlan edil\u00adme\u00adgi \u00fdur\u00addu\u00admyz \u00fc\u00e7in ta\u00adry\u00adhy gym\u00admat\u00adlyk\u00adla\u00adry, mil\u00adli bu\u00fd\u00adsan\u00adjy we gel\u00adje\u00adge yna\u00admy \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00adde jem\u00adle\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu \u015fy\u00adgar Ga\u00adra\u015f\u00adsyz\u00adly\u00adgy\u0148 mi\u00adze\u00admez esas\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny, ba\u00adky Bi\u00adta\u00adrap\u00adly\u00adgy\u0148 pa\u00adra\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adji sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsa\u00adty\u00adny we t\u00fcrk\u00admen hal\u00adky\u00adny\u0148 m\u00fc\u0148\u00ad\u00fdyl\u00adlyk\u00adlar\u00addan b\u00e4\u00adri do\u00adwam edip gel\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n at\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adni wasp ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.<br \/>\n\u015eu \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 do\u00adwa\u00admyn\u00adda mil\u00adli mi\u00adra\u00adsy go\u00adrap sak\u00adla\u00admak, at\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk sun\u00adga\u00adty\u00adny \u00f6s\u00add\u00fcr\u00admek, be\u00addew at\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u015fan-\u015f\u00f6h\u00adra\u00adty\u00adny d\u00fcn\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4 \u00fda\u00fd\u00admak bi\u00adlen bag\u00adly \u00e7\u00e4\u00adre\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 gi\u0148 ge\u00adrim\u00adde ge\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adril\u00adme\u00adgi g\u00f6z \u00f6\u0148\u00fcn\u00adde tu\u00adtul\u00ad\u00fdar. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle hem \u00fda\u015f ne\u00adsil\u00adde wa\u00adtan\u00ads\u00f6\u00ad\u00fd\u00fc\u00adji\u00adli\u00adgi, mil\u00adli gym\u00admat\u00adlyk\u00adla\u00adra hor\u00admat go\u00fd\u00adma\u00adgy we z\u00e4h\u00admet\u00ads\u00f6\u00ad\u00fder\u00adli\u00adgi ter\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adle\u00admek esa\u00adsy mak\u00adsat\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 bi\u00adri\u00addir. Bu ugur\u00adda \u00fdur\u00addu\u00admy\u00adzy\u0148 ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna i\u015fi\u00adni\u0148 we\u00adkil\u00adle\u00adri hem \u00f6z my\u00adna\u00adsyp go\u00ad\u015fan\u00addy\u00adny go\u015f\u00admak ug\u00adrun\u00adda yhlasly z\u00e4hmet \u00e7ek\u00fd\u00e4rler.<br \/>\nT\u00fcrk\u00adme\u00adnis\u00adta\u00adny\u0148 D\u00f6w\u00adlet me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fdet mer\u00adke\u00adzi\u00adni\u0148 D\u00f6w\u00adlet ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adsy bi\u00adlen A\u015f\u00adga\u00adbat \u015f\u00e4\u00adher me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fdet m\u00fc\u00addir\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni\u0148 mer\u00adkez\u00adle\u015f\u00addi\u00adri\u00adlen ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adlar<br \/>\nul\u00adga\u00admy\u00adny\u0148 ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna i\u015f\u00adg\u00e4r\u00adle\u00adri Gahryman Arkadagymyzy\u0148 \u00abAt\u00adda we\u00adpa-da bar, sa\u00adpa-da\u00bb, \u00abGa\u00adnat\u00adly be\u00addew\u00adler\u00bb, \u00abGa\u00adda\u00admy bat\u00adly be\u00addew\u00bb at\u00adly aja\u00ad\u00fdyp eser\u00adle\u00adrin\u00adden t\u00e4\u00adsir\u00adli s\u00f6h\u00adbet\u00adde\u015f\u00adlik\u00adler gu\u00adra\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adlar. Bu eser\u00adler mil\u00adli bu\u00fd\u00adsan\u00adjy\u00admyz bo\u00adlan be\u00addew\u00adle\u00adri\u00admi\u00adzi\u0148 m\u00fc\u0148\u00ad\u00fdyl\u00adlyk\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 do\u00adwa\u00admyn\u00adda be\u00ad\u00fdik sun\u00adgat h\u00f6k\u00adm\u00fcn\u00adde ke\u00adma\u00adla gel\u00ad\u015fi, gy\u00adlyk-h\u00e4\u00adsi\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adri ba\u00adra\u00adda gym\u00admat\u00adly mag\u00adlu\u00admat\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 \u00e7e\u015f\u00adme\u00adsi bo\u00adlup, t\u00fcrk\u00admen hal\u00adky\u00adny\u0148 bu\u00fd\u00adsan\u00e7\u00adly ba\u00ad\u015fy\u00adny g\u00f6\u00adge \u00fde\u00adtir\u00addi.<br \/>\nKi\u00adtap adam\u00adzat me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adni\u0148, yl\u00admy \u00f6s\u00fc\u00ad\u015fi\u0148 we ru\u00adhy ba\u00fd\u00adly\u00adgy\u0148 esa\u00adsy \u00e7e\u015f\u00adme\u00adle\u00adri\u00adni\u0148 bi\u00adri\u00addir. Ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adlar bol\u00adsa bu gym\u00admat\u00adly mi\u00adra\u00adsy ne\u00adsil\u00adden-nes\u00adle \u00fde\u00adtir\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n m\u00f6\u00adh\u00fcm bi\u00adlim we me\u00adde\u00adni mer\u00adkez\u00adler bo\u00adlup dur\u00ad\u00fdar. H\u00e4\u00adzir\u00adki d\u00f6\u00adw\u00fcr\u00adde ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna i\u015fi\u00adni k\u00e4\u00admil\u00adle\u015f\u00addir\u00admek, a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn-da \u00e7a\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 ki\u00adtap oka\u00adma\u00adga bo\u00adlan h\u00f6\u00adwe\u00adsi\u00adni art\u00addyr\u00admak d\u00f6w\u00adlet sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsa\u00adty\u00adny\u0148 m\u00f6\u00adh\u00fcm ugur\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 bi\u00adri\u00addir.<br \/>\nKi\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna i\u015fi jem\u00adgy\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u0148 a\u0148-bi\u00adlim de\u00adre\u00adje\u00adsi\u00adni \u00fdo\u00adkar\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00admak\u00adda a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn or\u00adna e\u00fde\u00addir. D\u00f6w\u00adre\u00adbap ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adlar di\u00ad\u0148e bir ki\u00adtap sak\u00adlan\u00ad\u00fdan \u00fder bol\u00adman, e\u00fd\u00adsem, okuw, ter\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fde, yl\u00admy-bar\u00adlag we me\u00adde\u00adni \u00e7\u00e4\u00adre\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 ge\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adril\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n \u00fderine \u00f6w\u00adr\u00fcl\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adlar\u00adda san\u00adly ul\u00adgam\u00ady\u0148 or\u00adna\u015f\u00addy\u00adryl\u00adma\u00adgy, elekt\u00adron ka\u00adta\u00adlog\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addil\u00adme\u00adgi we oky\u00adjy\u00adla\u00adra d\u00f6w\u00adre\u00adbap hyz\u00admat\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 h\u00f6\u00add\u00fcr\u00adlen\u00adme\u00adgi bu ul\u00adgam\u00adda al\u00adnyp ba\u00adryl\u00ad\u00fdan i\u015f\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 ne\u00adti\u00adje\u00adli\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adni \u00fdo\u00adkar\u00adlan\u00addyr\u00ad\u00fdar.<br \/>\n\u00c7a\u00adga\u00adlar ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adla\u00adry \u00fda\u015f nes\u00adli\u0148 a\u0148-d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fcn\u00adje\u00adsi\u00adni\u0148 ke\u00adma\u00adla gel\u00adme\u00adgin\u00adde a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adte e\u00fde\u00addir. \u00c7a\u00adga\u00adlar \u00fc\u00e7in ni\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adle\u00adnen ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adlar\u00adda ola\u00adry\u0148 \u00fda\u015f a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn\u00adlyk\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna la\u00ad\u00fdyk ki\u00adtap\u00adlar, er\u00adte\u00adki\u00adler, yl\u00admy-k\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fclikle\u00fdin ne\u00ad\u015fir\u00adler we ter\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fde\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik \u00e4h\u00admi\u00ad\u00fdet\u00adli eser\u00adler jem\u00adlen\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015ee\u00fd\u00adle hem ki\u00adtap oka\u00admak \u00e7\u00e4\u00adre\u00adle\u00adri, d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adji\u00adlik du\u00ad\u015fu\u00ad\u015fyk\u00adla\u00adry, ede\u00adbi b\u00e4s\u00adle\u00ad\u015fik\u00adler we ter\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fde\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adlik s\u00f6h\u00adbet\u00adde\u015f\u00adlik\u00adle\u00adri yzy\u00adgi\u00adder\u00adli ge\u00ad\u00e7i\u00adril\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r.<br \/>\n\u00c7a\u00adga\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 pi\u00adkir\u00adle\u00adni\u015f uky\u00adby\u00adny\u0148, s\u00f6z ba\u00fd\u00adly\u00adgy\u00adny\u0148 we d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adji\u00adlik ba\u00ad\u015far\u00adnyk\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny\u0148 \u00f6s\u00adme\u00adgi\u00adne \u00fdar\u00addam ber\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adla\u00adry\u0148 i\u015fi\u00adni \u00f6s\u00add\u00fcr\u00admek, mad\u00addy-en\u00adjam\u00adla\u00ad\u00fdyn bin\u00ad\u00fda\u00addy\u00adny ber\u00adkit\u00admek we h\u00fc\u00adn\u00e4r\u00admen ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adla\u00adry ta\u00fd\u00ad\u00fdar\u00adla\u00admak m\u00f6\u00adh\u00fcm we\u00adzi\u00adpe\u00adle\u00adri\u0148 bi\u00adri\u00addir. \u00ddurdumyzda ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna i\u015fi\u00adni\u0148 k\u00e4\u00admil\u00adle\u015f\u00addi\u00adril\u00adme\u00adgi we \u00e7a\u00adga\u00adlar ki\u00adtap\u00adha\u00adna\u00adla\u00adry\u00adna a\u00fd\u00adra\u00adtyn \u00fcns be\u00adril\u00adme\u00adgi bi\u00adlim\u00adli, wa\u00adtan\u00ads\u00f6\u00ad\u00fd\u00fc\u00adji we ru\u00adhy ta\u00fd\u00addan ba\u00fd nes\u00adli ter\u00adbi\u00ad\u00fde\u00adle\u00adm\u00e4\u00adge g\u00f6\u00adn\u00fck\u00addi\u00adri\u00adlen m\u00f6\u00adh\u00fcm \u00e4dim bo\u00adlup dur\u00ad\u00fdar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Uzukjemal SAPAROWA,<br \/>\nMerkezle\u015fdirilen kitaphanalar ulgamyny\u0148 Nury Ba\u00fdramow adyndaky kitaphana \u015faham\u00e7asyny\u0148 \u015faham\u00e7a m\u00fcdiri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u015eu \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 \u00abGa\u00adra\u015f\u00adsyz, ba\u00adky Bi\u00adta\u00adrap T\u00fcrk\u00adme\u00adnis\u00adtan \u2013 be\u00addew bat\u00adly at-my\u00adra\u00addy\u0148 me\u00adka\u00adny\u00bb ady bi\u00adlen yg\u00adlan edil\u00adme\u00adgi \u00fdur\u00addu\u00admyz \u00fc\u00e7in ta\u00adry\u00adhy gym\u00admat\u00adlyk\u00adla\u00adry, mil\u00adli bu\u00fd\u00adsan\u00adjy we gel\u00adje\u00adge yna\u00admy \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00adde jem\u00adle\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. Bu \u015fy\u00adgar Ga\u00adra\u015f\u00adsyz\u00adly\u00adgy\u0148 mi\u00adze\u00admez esas\u00adla\u00adry\u00adny, ba\u00adky Bi\u00adta\u00adrap\u00adly\u00adgy\u0148 pa\u00adra\u00adhat\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk d\u00f6\u00adre\u00addi\u00adji sy\u00ad\u00fda\u00adsa\u00adty\u00adny we t\u00fcrk\u00admen hal\u00adky\u00adny\u0148 m\u00fc\u0148\u00ad\u00fdyl\u00adlyk\u00adlar\u00addan b\u00e4\u00adri do\u00adwam edip gel\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4n at\u00ad\u00e7y\u00adlyk me\u00adde\u00adni\u00ad\u00fde\u00adti\u00adni wasp ed\u00ad\u00fd\u00e4r. \u015eu \u00fdy\u00adly\u0148 do\u00adwa\u00admyn\u00adda mil\u00adli mi\u00adra\u00adsy go\u00adrap sak\u00adla\u00admak, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":159662,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159661"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=159661"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159663,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159661\/revisions\/159663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/159662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=159661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=159661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zamanturkmenistan.com.tm\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=159661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}